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Epidemiology is the study of


A) the effectiveness of the correlational model in determining cause.
B) research methods.
C) various forms of therapy.
D) incidence, distribution, and consequences of a problem in a population.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The basic components of informed consent are


A) competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.
B) volunteerism and comprehension.
C) competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results.
D) anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n) .


A) independent variable
B) confound
C) dependent variable
D) confluence

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Internal validity is defined as


A) the extent to which the results of a study can be explained by the dependent variable.
B) the degree to which the hypothesis is supported by the study.
C) the overall quality of the research.
D) the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A genotype is defined as an individual's


A) unique genetic makeup.
B) recessive genes.
C) hidden characteristics.
D) observable features and behavior.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design. This means that it cannot be determined if


A) findings for cohort groups are due to their similar experiences or similar age.
B) findings are due to the fact that age and life experience tend to be correlated.
C) differences across groups are due to differences in assignment to the treatment conditions.
D) differences across groups are due to age, experience, or the experimental manipulation.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to


A) increase the number of confounding variables.
B) improve external validity.
C) improve internal validity.
D) utilize a single strategy to reduce confounds.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?


A) Examining the changes in serotonin levels from taking Prozac
B) Determining whether the active ingredients in a medication actually have any impact on the function of the brain
C) Exploring the parts of cognitive-behavioral therapy homework that are most difficult for patients to perform
D) Examining the impact of Prozac on depression

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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At this point, we know much more about the psychological disorders. of psychological disorders than the of


A) genotype; phenotype
B) phenotype; genotype
C) behavioral causes; social influences
D) social influences; behavioral causes

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Analogue models are useful when:


A) there are too many potential confounds outside of the laboratory.
B) there is a need to tightly control for internal validity.
C) it is not reasonable/practical to study the phenomenon outside of the laboratory.
D) all of the above are correct.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?


A) Different cultures may describe or experience similar psychological sensations in very different ways
B) The level of "abnormality" that is considered acceptable may differ greatly across cultures
C) Treatment models developed in one culture may be unacceptable according to another culture's customs and values
D) All of these

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Brown and Finn (1982) found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year- olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called .


A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) experimental
D) case-study

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that


A) it enables a clinician to see predictable and orderly changes related to where and when treatment is used.
B) it does not require withdrawal of treatment.
C) it resembles the way treatment would naturally be implemented.
D) all of the above

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to


A) control for the expectation of some research subjects that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
B) determine whether a treatment or independent variable actually influenced change in the independent variable.
C) determine statistical significance.
D) control the dependent variable.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is NOT part considered part of proper ethical research?


A) Conducting research with many participants so that none are identified individually
B) Obtaining informed consent
C) Not coercing the participant to participate
D) Giving the participant full information from which to make a decision to participate in the research

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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While trying to discover the nature of the relationship between stress and blood pressure, a researcher asks participants to complete a difficult task. The researcher monitors the participants' blood pressure, while some are exposed to noisy distractions and others stay in a quiet environment. This type of research study is a(n) ______________.


A) correlational study
B) experiment
C) analog study
D) placebo control study

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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When is a correlation negative?


A) When an incremental increase in one variable produces an incremental decrease in a second variable
B) When the variables are not related
C) When an incremental increase in one variable produces an incremental increase in the second variable
D) None of the above are correct

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The correlation between the amount of time a college student studies and the student's height in inches is ________.


A) positive
B) negative
C) zero
D) causal

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Showing 121 - 138 of 138

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