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Exam 26: Lipids

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Question 21

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An example of a cationic detergent is shown below.

A) True
B) False

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Question 22

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Describe how the structure of a phospholipid differs from that of a trigyceride fat, and what influence this difference has on the interaction of these molecules with water.

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A triglyceride fat has three long-chain ...

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Question 23

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Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

Provide the general structure of a triglyceride.

The following tetracylic structure is common to steroids, an importnat class of biomolecules that have a number of sterocenters. Modify the structure on the right by placing the hydrogen atoms and methyl groups to accurately depict the structure on the left (including steeochemistry).

The chiral centers in $\alpha$ -santonin are indicated by asterisks in the following.

Which of the following is not an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol?

Female sex hormones like estrone are called _____________.

Which of the following is not true?

Which of the following processes is used to harden an oil to give a fat?

Arachidonic acid is a C₂₀ acid that is involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, an important class of biomolecules. Provide the IUPAC name of arachidinic acid.

How many triglycerides (including stereoisomers) are there which contain one molecule of stearic acid, one of myristic acid and one of arachidic acid?

What is the biological precursor of prostaglandins?

Consider the following structures. Use these to answer the following questions by placing the appropriate Roman numerical in the blank. -Saponification followed by protonation of structure _____ produces two moles of the salt of stearic acid and one mole of the salt of oleic acid.

What functional group of the protein opsin reacts with retinal to form rhodopsin, a light-sensitive pigment?

The main difference between fats and oils is that oils contain a lower percentage of unsaturated alkyl chains.

Salts of long chain fatty acids are called detergents.

Consider the following. Structure ____ would be classified as an synthetic detergent.

Explain the formation of "soap scum", formed in areas which have "hard" water. What chemical reaction takes place, and what physical process results?

Circle the hydrophilic part of sodium palmitate, a soap that is the sodium salt of a fatty acid, and put a rectangle around the hydrophobic part.