Question 1

The fossil record indicates that at one time marsupials were common to both Australia and South America,but today most South American marsupials have become extinct.The most probable explanation for marsupials being common to Australia yet not very common to South America today is

Accepted Answer

A)   South American placental mammals and Australian marsupials interbred, when they occupied similar ecological niches.
B)   marsupials were able to flourish in South America because of its isolation from other landmasses.
C)   placental mammals are less fully developed than marsupials when born, and therefore have a better chance of survival after birth.
D)   South American marsupials were displaced by placental mammals when a land bridge formed between North America and South America about three million years ago.
E)   marsupials can only survive in warm climates like Australia and the Amazon rainforest.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

The number of differences between human cytochrome c and cytochrome c of some other organisms is as follows: rhesus monkey - 1 difference; pigeon - 12 differences; fruit fly - 24 differences.The order in which these species are most similar to humans is

Accepted Answer

A)   fruit fly, pigeon, rhesus monkey.
B)   rhesus monkey, pigeon, fruit fly.
C)   pigeon, rhesus monkey, fruit fly.
D)   rhesus monkey, fruit fly, pigeon.
E)   pigeon, fruit fly, rhesus monkey.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

A gene that,when mutated,leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed

Accepted Answer

A)   homologous.
B)   dominant.
C)   parsimonious.
D)   homeotic.
E)   vestigial.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Petrification occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)   All of the answer choices are correct.
B)   a whole organism is trapped in a plant resin.
C)   the imprint of an animal fills with mud, that later hardens to rock.
D)   a leaf sinks into water and fine sediment covers the leaf and compresses.
E)   minerals replace the organic material left by a decaying organism.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

Marsupials are mammals that

Accepted Answer

A)   carry their young in a pouch.
B)   do not bear live young.
C)   breathe through gills.
D)   lay eggs.
E)   have evolved recently.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

If an isotope's half-life is 100 years,

Accepted Answer

A)   in 50 years, only half of the atoms in a sample of that isotope will remain.
B)   in 100 years, only half of the atoms in a sample of that isotope will remain.
C)   in 200 years, only half of the atoms in a sample of that isotope will remain.
D)   that isotope will no longer exist in 200 years.
E)   that isotope will no longer exist in 50 years.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

The half life of 14C is 5,730 years.If you test a fossilized bone and find that it has 1/8th the 14C as a modern bone,you could conclude that it is approximately __ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)   5,730 × 1 = 5730
B)   5,730 × 3 = 17,190
C)   5,730 / 8 = 716
D)   5,730 × 2 = 11,460
E)   5,730 × 8 = 42,960F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 8

According to fossil records,mammals

Accepted Answer

A)   first appeared in the same geologic era, the Mesozoic, as dinosaurs.
B)   None of the answer choices are correct.
C)   first appeared in the current Quaternary period of the Cenozoic era.
D)   did not appear until the Cenozoic era, after dinosaurs were extinct.
E)   lived in the same era, the Paleozoic, as reptiles, amphibians, and bony fishes.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

In a fruit fly embryo,a homeotic gene Antp determines where legs grow.When the promoter of Antp is mutated,a fly ends up with legs growing out of its head in place of antennae.In this mutation,

Accepted Answer

A)   Antp must be turned off in all of the fly cells.
B)   The Antp gene, and its transcription factor, and enhancer sequence are turned on in the head.
C)   antennae grow where the legs would normally be found.
D)   Antp must be turned on in the head.
E)   the Antp enhancer sequence, or transcription factor is not functional.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Figuer: 
-Najash is an extinct fossil species that has distinct functional pelvis and hindlimbs.Choose the best answer which explains this in evolutionary theory.theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Najash was an evolutionary dead end, since no other snake species have anything but vestigial structures.
B)   Najash is both a transitional species, and shares homologous structures with other vertebrates, such as reptiles.
C)   Najash is a transitional species, that has not yet lost its pelvis and hindlimbs.
D)   Najash hindlimbs and pelvis bones represent vestigial structures in that species.
E)   Najash shares homologous features with other vertebrates, such as reptiles.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 11

A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from more than _____ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)   10,000
B)   100,000
C)   1,000
D)   25,000
E)   500F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

In a fruit fly embryo,the end that becomes the head will contain a protein called bicoid.What would happen if you injected additional bicoid in the other end of the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)   Legs would grow out of its head.
B)   It would not grow legs.
C)   It would develop two heads.
D)   It would not have segments.
E)   It would fail to develop a head.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 13

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry,these structures are

Accepted Answer

A)   vestigial.
B)   analogous.
C)   homologous.
D)   homeotic.
E)   heterologous.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Figuer: 
-If,according to one hypothesis,Najash evolved from terrestrial,burrowing snakes,which of the following best reflects the adaptive or selective benefit for other snakes to have lost their pelvis and hindlimbs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chasing prey would have been easier, because the snakes would be much faster without hindlimbs and pelvis.
B)   In situations of flooded burrows and land surface, the snakes could swim better without hindlimbs and pelvis.
C)   Chasing prey through tunnels and burrows could be easier without the function and obstruction of hindlimbs and pelvis.
D)   Burrowing snakes would be better able to dig their burrows without the hindlimbs and pelvis.
E)   Grasping prey would have been easier and more efficient without the hindlimbs and pelvis.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Because of age estimates of the Tiktaalik fossil species,at approximately 380 mya,it lived

Accepted Answer

A)   at the same time, in the Mesozoic era, as early dinosaurs, mammals, and early conifer trees.
B)   None of these answer options correctly places the geologic time scale context of Tiktaalik.
C)   in the Phanerozoic eon, and the Devonian era, before dinosaurs and mammals appeared.
D)   during the Precambrian, when only primitive species were found in the fossil record.
E)   after the widespread extinction of dinosaurs, marking the expansion of more modern, living species in the Cenozoic era.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

The forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a bird are examples of ______ structures.

Accepted Answer

A)   analogous
B)   homologous
C)   vestigial
D)   homeotic
E)   heterologousF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

The hypothesis that birds are closely related to small dinosaurs called theropods began with the discovery of the fossilized skeleton of Archeopteryx.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If many human genes differ in about 10% of their bases from another species' same genes and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 2% per one million years,then about _____ years have passed since the two species diverged.

Accepted Answer

A)   three million
B)   five million
C)   10 million
D)   20 million
E)   200,000F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of _____ structures.

Accepted Answer

A)   analogous
B)   homologous
C)   heterologous
D)   homeotic
E)   vestigialF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Exam 13: Evidence of Evolution

Figuer: -If,according to one hypothesis,Najash evolved from terrestrial,burrowing snakes,which of the following best reflects the adaptive or selective benefit for other snakes to have lost their pelvis and hindlimbs?

Correct Answer
verified

The half life of ¹⁴C is 5,730 years.If you test a fossilized bone and find that it has 1/8^th the ¹⁴C as a modern bone,you could conclude that it is approximately __ years old.

Correct Answer
verified

According to fossil records,mammals

Correct Answer
verified

Because of age estimates of the Tiktaalik fossil species,at approximately 380 mya,it lived

Correct Answer
verified

The hypothesis that birds are closely related to small dinosaurs called theropods began with the discovery of the fossilized skeleton of Archeopteryx.

Correct Answer
verified

A gene that,when mutated,leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed

Correct Answer
verified

Marsupials are mammals that

Correct Answer
verified

The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of _____ structures.

Correct Answer
verified

If many human genes differ in about 10% of their bases from another species' same genes and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 2% per one million years,then about _____ years have passed since the two species diverged.

Correct Answer
verified

Petrification occurs when

Correct Answer
verified

The forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a bird are examples of ______ structures.

Correct Answer
verified

In a fruit fly embryo,the end that becomes the head will contain a protein called bicoid.What would happen if you injected additional bicoid in the other end of the embryo?

Correct Answer
verified

The fossil record indicates that at one time marsupials were common to both Australia and South America,but today most South American marsupials have become extinct.The most probable explanation for marsupials being common to Australia yet not very common to South America today is

Correct Answer
verified

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry,these structures are

Correct Answer
verified

In a fruit fly embryo,a homeotic gene Antp determines where legs grow.When the promoter of Antp is mutated,a fly ends up with legs growing out of its head in place of antennae.In this mutation,

Correct Answer
verified

Figuer: -Najash is an extinct fossil species that has distinct functional pelvis and hindlimbs.Choose the best answer which explains this in evolutionary theory.theory?

Correct Answer
verified

The number of differences between human cytochrome c and cytochrome c of some other organisms is as follows: rhesus monkey - 1 difference; pigeon - 12 differences; fruit fly - 24 differences.The order in which these species are most similar to humans is

Correct Answer
verified

If an isotope's half-life is 100 years,

Correct Answer
verified

A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from more than _____ years ago.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Evidence of Evolution

Figuer: -If,according to one hypothesis,Najash evolved from terrestrial,burrowing snakes,which of the following best reflects the adaptive or selective benefit for other snakes to have lost their pelvis and hindlimbs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The half life of 14C is 5,730 years.If you test a fossilized bone and find that it has 1/8th the 14C as a modern bone,you could conclude that it is approximately __ years old.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to fossil records,mammals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because of age estimates of the Tiktaalik fossil species,at approximately 380 mya,it lived

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothesis that birds are closely related to small dinosaurs called theropods began with the discovery of the fossilized skeleton of Archeopteryx.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gene that,when mutated,leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marsupials are mammals that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of _____ structures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If many human genes differ in about 10% of their bases from another species' same genes and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 2% per one million years,then about _____ years have passed since the two species diverged.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Petrification occurs when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a bird are examples of ______ structures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a fruit fly embryo,the end that becomes the head will contain a protein called bicoid.What would happen if you injected additional bicoid in the other end of the embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fossil record indicates that at one time marsupials were common to both Australia and South America,but today most South American marsupials have become extinct.The most probable explanation for marsupials being common to Australia yet not very common to South America today is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry,these structures are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a fruit fly embryo,a homeotic gene Antp determines where legs grow.When the promoter of Antp is mutated,a fly ends up with legs growing out of its head in place of antennae.In this mutation,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figuer: -Najash is an extinct fossil species that has distinct functional pelvis and hindlimbs.Choose the best answer which explains this in evolutionary theory.theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of differences between human cytochrome c and cytochrome c of some other organisms is as follows: rhesus monkey - 1 difference; pigeon - 12 differences; fruit fly - 24 differences.The order in which these species are most similar to humans is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an isotope's half-life is 100 years,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from more than _____ years ago.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

The half life of ¹⁴C is 5,730 years.If you test a fossilized bone and find that it has 1/8^th the ¹⁴C as a modern bone,you could conclude that it is approximately __ years old.

Correct Answer
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