Question 1

Select the option in which the classes of laxatives are listed in the increasing order of their onset-of-action times.

Accepted Answer

A)   Bowel evacuants, emollients, stool softeners
B)   Emollients, bowel evacuants, swelling agents
C)   Osmotic laxatives, emollients, bowel evacuants
D)   Stimulants, stool softeners, emollientsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Using your knowledge of the treatments for constipation,explain to a patient how laxatives and cathartics stimulate defecation.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both laxatives and cathartics produce a mild, gentle stimulus for defecation.
B)   Cathartics produce a mild, gentle stimulus for defecation, whereas laxatives produce a more intense action on the bowel.
C)   Laxatives produce a mild, gentle stimulus for defecation, whereas cathartics produce a more intense action on the bowel.
D)   Both laxatives and cathartics produce an intense action on the bowel, causing defecation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Identify the group in which chronic diarrhea develops readily.

Accepted Answer

A)   Children
B)   Adults
C)   Elderly
D)   None of theseE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Select the statement that best describes the adverse effects of osmotic laxatives.

Accepted Answer

A)   Osmotic laxatives form a complex with vitamins, minerals, and other drugs, thereby impairing systemic absorption of these substances.
B)   Osmotic laxatives are serotonin antagonists that could lead to ischemic colitis and serious complications of constipation.
C)   Osmotic laxatives cause a large amount of water to be lost with the feces and could lead to dehydration if overused.
D)   None of these are correct.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the formation of feces?

Accepted Answer

A)   Contractions of the small intestine move digested food and chyme toward the colon.
B)   The rectum removes water and minerals from the residual waste product and compresses the waste into feces for excretion through the anus.
C)   The small intestine compresses the waste into feces for excretion.
D)   None of these are correct.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Daniel is diagnosed with cancer and is undergoing chemotherapy.He is suffering from bouts of vomiting,usually after the chemotherapy sessions.Which of the following drugs should Daniel's doctor prescribe for the vomiting?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diphenoxylate
B)   Ondansetron
C)   Loperamide
D)   PolycarbophilE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Olivia has been suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) for time now.She has undergone conventional therapy previously and has not responded well to it.Her doctor has prescribed alosetron to treat her.The drug should be discontinued if Olivia displays symptoms of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   craniosynostosis
B)   ischemic colitis
C)   hypertension
D)   psoriasisE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

Toxic doses of diphenoxylate could produce respiratory depression and coma similar to _____ overdose.

Accepted Answer

A)   ephedrine
B)   barbiturate
C)   psychogenic
D)   opiateE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) D

Question 9

Difenoxen is a _____ receptor agonist.

Accepted Answer

A)   serotonin
B)   glycine
C)   mu
D)   gamma-amino butyric acid (GAB
A)  E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Liam consults a doctor as he has been suffering from diarrhea for two days.The doctor prescribes diphenoxylate to decrease peristalsis.Which of the following statements,if true,would indicate that the doctor's prescription is inappropriate for Liam?

Accepted Answer

A)   Liam's electrolyte levels have changed.
B)   Liam suffers from lactose intolerance.
C)   Liam shows symptoms of liver disease.
D)   Liam complains of constipation after taking the drug.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following drugs is a serotonin receptor antagonist?

Accepted Answer

A)   Atropine
B)   Granisetron
C)   Loperamide
D)   DiphenoxylateE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is the most frequent side effect produced by antidiarrheal drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vomiting
B)   Constipation
C)   Renal failure
D)   HypertensionE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

Identify the long-term impact of chronic diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

A)   Accumulation of sodium and potassium in the blood
B)   Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
C)   Relaxation of the external anal sphincter due to weakening of impulses from the brain
D)   All of theseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Dr.Mark is asked to explain the mechanism of adsorbent drugs when they are used in the treatment of simple diarrhea.Which of the following statements should Mark choose?

Accepted Answer

A)   The adsorbents work in the intestine to form a complex with irritating substances such as bacteria, digestive enzymes, or toxins and carry them into the feces for elimination.
B)   The adsorbents remain in the intestine, soak up water, and expand. The water, which is retained, softens the stool, and the swelling action distends the rectum and initiates defecation.
C)   The adsorbents are a mixture of sodium and magnesium salts. These ions attract water, which causes a more liquid stool to be formed.
D)   The adsorbents act on the stool to permit water to penetrate the fecal mass. The oily nature of these laxatives eases the passage of the stool through the rectum.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Select the reason why increased dietary fiber is a major component in the management of constipation.

Accepted Answer

A)   Fiber increases stool bulk and fluid content and decreases transit time, resulting in an increase in the frequency of defecation.
B)   Fiber affects the fluid and electrolyte supplements in the stomach and inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in an increase in the frequency of defecation.
C)   Fiber decreases the number of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract, decreases the fluid content, and decreases transit time, resulting in a decrease in the frequency of defecation.
D)   None of these are correct.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above A

Question 16

Gustav is suffering from mild diarrhea.He consults a doctor who informs him that the underlying cause of the diarrhea is not clear,but it is most likely to be poor dietary habits.The doctor prescribes a liquid suspension and tells him not to take the medicine with meals or other medications.Which of the following drugs is the doctor most likely to have prescribed for Gustav?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kaopectate
B)   Lomotil
C)   Imodium
D)   Opium tinctureE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 17

Identify the causes of constipation.

Accepted Answer

A)   Poorly developed toilet habits and diets low in fiber
B)   Stressful situations that result in sympathetic stimulation and decrease intestinal motility
C)   Emotional disturbances that alter the parasympathetic control of the intestines
D)   All of theseE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Select the group of drug agents that contribute to increased intestinal motility,resulting in diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

A)   NSAIDs, antacids, chemotherapy medications
B)   Antiarrhythmic and blood pressure medications
C)   Antibiotics and laxatives
D)   All of theseE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Select the correct information to give to a patient who is not aware that there is a difference between acute and chronic diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

A)   Acute diarrhea is associated with the production of loose stools in otherwise healthy individuals that lasts less than 7 days; diarrhea that lasts more than 10 days is defined as chronic and is accompanied by weight loss, muscle weakness, and electrolyte imbalance.
B)   Acute diarrhea is associated with the production of loose stools in otherwise healthy individuals that lasts less than 10 days; diarrhea that lasts more than 15 days is defined as chronic and is accompanied by weight loss, muscle weakness, and electrolyte imbalance.
C)   Acute diarrhea is associated with the production of loose stools in otherwise healthy individuals that lasts less than 14 days; diarrhea that lasts more than 30 days is defined as chronic and is accompanied by weight loss, muscle weakness, and electrolyte imbalance.
D)   Acute diarrhea is associated with the production of loose stools in otherwise healthy individuals that lasts less than 3 days; diarrhea that lasts more than 7 days is defined as chronic and is accompanied by weight loss, muscle weakness, and electrolyte imbalance.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of bismuth salts?

Accepted Answer

A)   They act within the intestine.
B)   They are usually administered as intravenous injections.
C)   They act on mu receptors to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system.
D)   They should be administered immediately after meals.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 34: Introduction to the Endocrine System

Select the option in which the classes of laxatives are listed in the increasing order of their onset-of-action times.

Correct Answer
verified

Using your knowledge of the treatments for constipation,explain to a patient how laxatives and cathartics stimulate defecation.

Correct Answer
verified

Identify the group in which chronic diarrhea develops readily.

Correct Answer
verified

Select the statement that best describes the adverse effects of osmotic laxatives.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true about the formation of feces?

Correct Answer
verified

Daniel is diagnosed with cancer and is undergoing chemotherapy.He is suffering from bouts of vomiting,usually after the chemotherapy sessions.Which of the following drugs should Daniel's doctor prescribe for the vomiting?

Correct Answer
verified

Olivia has been suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) for time now.She has undergone conventional therapy previously and has not responded well to it.Her doctor has prescribed alosetron to treat her.The drug should be discontinued if Olivia displays symptoms of _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Toxic doses of diphenoxylate could produce respiratory depression and coma similar to _____ overdose.

Correct Answer
verified
D

Difenoxen is a _____ receptor agonist.

Correct Answer
verified

Liam consults a doctor as he has been suffering from diarrhea for two days.The doctor prescribes diphenoxylate to decrease peristalsis.Which of the following statements,if true,would indicate that the doctor's prescription is inappropriate for Liam?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following drugs is a serotonin receptor antagonist?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the most frequent side effect produced by antidiarrheal drugs?

Correct Answer
verified

Identify the long-term impact of chronic diarrhea.

Correct Answer
verified

Dr.Mark is asked to explain the mechanism of adsorbent drugs when they are used in the treatment of simple diarrhea.Which of the following statements should Mark choose?

Correct Answer
verified

Select the reason why increased dietary fiber is a major component in the management of constipation.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified
A

Identify the causes of constipation.

Correct Answer
verified

Select the group of drug agents that contribute to increased intestinal motility,resulting in diarrhea.

Correct Answer
verified

Select the correct information to give to a patient who is not aware that there is a difference between acute and chronic diarrhea.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true of bismuth salts?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 34: Introduction to the Endocrine System

Select the option in which the classes of laxatives are listed in the increasing order of their onset-of-action times.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using your knowledge of the treatments for constipation,explain to a patient how laxatives and cathartics stimulate defecation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the group in which chronic diarrhea develops readily.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the statement that best describes the adverse effects of osmotic laxatives.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about the formation of feces?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Daniel is diagnosed with cancer and is undergoing chemotherapy.He is suffering from bouts of vomiting,usually after the chemotherapy sessions.Which of the following drugs should Daniel's doctor prescribe for the vomiting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Olivia has been suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) for time now.She has undergone conventional therapy previously and has not responded well to it.Her doctor has prescribed alosetron to treat her.The drug should be discontinued if Olivia displays symptoms of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toxic doses of diphenoxylate could produce respiratory depression and coma similar to _____ overdose.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Difenoxen is a _____ receptor agonist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Liam consults a doctor as he has been suffering from diarrhea for two days.The doctor prescribes diphenoxylate to decrease peristalsis.Which of the following statements,if true,would indicate that the doctor's prescription is inappropriate for Liam?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following drugs is a serotonin receptor antagonist?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the most frequent side effect produced by antidiarrheal drugs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the long-term impact of chronic diarrhea.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Mark is asked to explain the mechanism of adsorbent drugs when they are used in the treatment of simple diarrhea.Which of the following statements should Mark choose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the reason why increased dietary fiber is a major component in the management of constipation.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Identify the causes of constipation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the group of drug agents that contribute to increased intestinal motility,resulting in diarrhea.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the correct information to give to a patient who is not aware that there is a difference between acute and chronic diarrhea.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of bismuth salts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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D

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A

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A

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