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Describe the four steps to foster innovation.

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Four steps for fostering innovation are ...

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Kotter's change step of anchoring new approaches in the culture corresponds to refreezing in Lewin's model.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is not an area in which change is often needed?


A) Strategy
B) Information
C) People
D) Structure
E) Technology

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Peter, the owner and lead accountant at a tax preparation firm, is changing the work schedule of his long-term employees for the months of March and April, the company's busiest time.He is requiring work on weekends for everyone, using the same basic schedule as last year.Peter should expect that his employees will be


A) terribly upset and quit.
B) terribly upset but not quit.
C) moderately upset and complain.
D) moderately upset but not complain.
E) hardly upset or not upset at all.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Maid to Clean is considering implementing a system that will pay its cleaning workers based on the number of completed residential jobs, coupled with satisfactory ratings on random inspections to ensure quality.Managers believe that this will reduce labor costs.Maid to Clean is focusing on changing employee


A) performance.
B) skills.
C) attitudes.
D) management.
E) structure.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Managers at Lucky Peach magazine are in the process of cross training entry-level employees to be able to take phone orders or answer customer questions, and to process orders in overflow situations.The company is changing its


A) people.
B) skills.
C) technology.
D) attitudes.
E) structure.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Adaptive change involves introducing a practice that is new to an industry.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is not an interacting factor that affects the level of resistance to change?


A) Longevity of the change agent.
B) Employee perceptions of change.
C) Individual differences of the change agent.
D) Change agent-employee relationship.
E) Change agent actions and inactions.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The most complex, costly, and uncertain kind of change is known as radically innovative change.

A) True
B) False

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The three most important ways to encourage innovation are by providing the right organizational culture, a team-based structure, and creative talent.

A) True
B) False

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Information is rapidly becoming the new competitive advantage.

A) True
B) False

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The marketplace is becoming more homogeneous and moving toward more similar products.

A) True
B) False

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Kotter's research reveals that management of organizational change is more essential than leadership throughout it.

A) True
B) False

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An innovative change involves ______ complexity, cost, and uncertainty.


A) no
B) minimum
C) moderate
D) high
E) extreme

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Organizational development is often put into practice by a


A) catalytic consultant.
B) change agent.
C) behavioral consultant.
D) transformative consultant.
E) behavioral agent.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In the context of change, technology refers to computer technology used to gain a competitive advantage.

A) True
B) False

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An OD intervention that worked in the United States is likely to work equally well around the world because the practices are very fundamental to human nature.

A) True
B) False

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Having employees that experiment may limit an organization's ability to learn from failure.

A) True
B) False

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Conventional electric vehicle batteries use a liquid electrolyte but an Orlando start-up is developing a solid-state lithium-ion battery with improved stability and lifetime.This is an example of incremental innovation.

A) True
B) False

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Walmart's implementation of RFID, a type of technology that allows it to improve inventory tracking, is an example of a(n) ______ change.


A) reactive
B) incremental
C) proactive
D) responsive
E) radical

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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