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In __________ economy, if prices rise faster than consumer incomes, the number of items consumers can buy decreases.


A) a deflationary
B) an expansionary
C) a recessionary
D) an inflationary
E) a depressive

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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An alternative to government control where an industry attempts to police itself is referred to as


A) consumer protection.
B) self-regulation.
C) industry accountability.
D) voluntary compliance.
E) government-imposed ethical policing.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The purpose of the Robinson-Patman Act is to


A) outlaw price discrimination for purchasers of the same product.
B) encourage pure competition.
C) protect inventors from having their intellectual property stolen.
D) repeal the Sherman Antitrust Act.
E) provide incentives for interstate commerce.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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All of the following are economic indicators except


A) inflation.
B) barriers to entry.
C) unemployment.
D) GDP.
E) deflation.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to


A) technological breakthroughs that allow major innovation to occur.
B) the network of products with connectivity-enabled electronics.
C) an explosion in interest in advanced analytics.
D) technological specifications that identify access to networks.
E) the belief in technology as a driver of success in the marketplace.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Pending federal legislation will require all online retailers to collect state sales taxes from customers. This would affect online sellers such as Virtual Vineyards, which now collects state sales taxes only from customers who reside in California, its home state. This pending legislation would be an example of which environmental force?


A) social
B) economic
C) technological
D) competitive
E) regulatory

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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A proposed law in New Jersey would ban the use of tanning beds by anyone under the age of 18. This restriction would be an example of which environmental force?


A) social
B) economic
C) technological
D) competitive
E) regulatory

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following would be identified as a social force in an environmental scan?


A) a new consumer protection law
B) an increase in Asian immigration
C) an advanced technology is perfected
D) a decrease in consumer incomes
E) a new international firm exports to the United States

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Discretionary income refers to


A) the money deducted from a person's paycheck to pay for federal, state, and local taxes.
B) the total amount of money made by a single individual during his or her lifetime.
C) the money a consumer has left after paying taxes to use for necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and transportation.
D) the money that is spent for necessities or charitable causes that is exempt from taxation.
E) the money that remains after paying for taxes and necessities.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Culture refers to the


A) moral and ethical beliefs of a family passed down from generation to generation.
B) set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are learned and shared among the members of a group.
C) pastimes associated with the fine arts, such as ballet, music, and theater.
D) standard or pattern of behaviors that is typical or expected of a group.
E) description of a population according to selected characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, income, and occupation.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following currently affects baby boomers, and thus those that market to them, in a significant way?


A) They are beginning to have children.
B) They are getting their high school and college educations.
C) They are currently retiring or nearing retirement age.
D) They are just being born.
E) They are beginning their primary school educations.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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An important social trend is the continued concern for health and well-being in the United States. This is most likely evidenced by


A) the increased sales of Cigar Aficionado magazine.
B) Lay's Kettle Cooked potato chips, which have 40 percent less fat than regular potato chips.
C) the opening of more Starbucks coffee boutiques in supermarkets.
D) the upsizing of menu items at fast-food restaurants.
E) the introduction of tablet devices such as the iPad.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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List the five environmental forces that have an impact on an organization as well as its suppliers and customers. Provide examples of factors that might be examined as part of environmental scanning for each of these forces.

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The following environmental forces have ...

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Two increasingly important values for consumers around the world are


A) self-esteem and fitness.
B) wealth and health.
C) patriotism and friendship.
D) family and fun.
E) sustainability and preservation of the environment.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Which generational cohort is an ad for a distinctive, memorable, and personal experience such as shark diving in Cape Town most likely trying to reach?


A) Generation X
B) baby boomers
C) Generation Z
D) baby busters
E) Generation Y

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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The restrictions that state and federal laws place on business with regard to the conduct of its activities are referred to as


A) jurisprudence.
B) competitive constraints.
C) barriers to entry.
D) restraints of trade.
E) regulation.

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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When a firm or business displays the Better Business Bureau (BBB) Accredited Business logo on its store window or website, it assures consumers that


A) the company's products comply with current safety standards set by the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
B) it is a member of a voluntary alliance of companies whose goal is to help maintain fair business practices.
C) the firm has met the standards for qualification as a green marketing firm.
D) the firm takes a proactive stance on diversity in the workplace.
E) the company incorporates sustainable business practices.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The Department of Labor monitors consumer expenditures through its annual Consumer Expenditure Survey. In the most recent report, consumers spent after taxes about 13 percent of their income on food, 33 percent on __________, 3 percent on clothes, and 24 percent on transportation and health care, with the rest generally considered discretionary.


A) education
B) housing
C) vacations
D) entertainment
E) investments

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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All of the following statements about the environmental forces that have influenced Facebook are true except


A) the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has a laissez-faire policy of not interfering with the development and marketing of Facebook and other social media websites.
B) technological advances in data storage, server speed, and software integration have made Facebook increasingly fast and convenient.
C) its rivalry with Google, Twitter, and Snapchat; the ability of users to easily switch platforms; and the constant threat of new social networks targeted at specific interest groups encourage rapid expansion.
D) the cost of wireless connectivity and smartphones rapidly declined and Internet access expanded, which increasingly made social networking affordable for more people.
E) people increasingly look for new ways to communicate, obtain information, and offer opinions.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The total amount of money made in one year by a person, household, or family unit is referred to as __________ income.


A) government
B) discretionary
C) disposable
D) gross
E) livable

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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