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A person's ability to perceive differences in stimuli is referred to as


A) selective comprehension.
B) selective retention.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) stimulus discrimination.
E) routine problem solving.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Beliefs refer to


A) a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
B) a learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way.
C) the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world.
D) a consumer's subjective perception of how a product or brand performs on different attributes.
E) the moral and ethical precepts that guide a person's behavior.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In the VALS framework, consumers who favor established, prestige products and services and are interested in time-saving devices given their hectic schedules are called


A) Thinkers.
B) Believers.
C) Strivers.
D) Experiencers.
E) Achievers.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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In the Maslow hierarchy of needs, those needs involving personal fulfillment are called


A) physiological.
B) safety.
C) social.
D) personal.
E) self-actualization.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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An ad for Conesco's life insurance asks the question, "How do you plan on supporting your family after you pass away?" The ad shows a tombstone with a sign that offers the face of the stone as ad space. The ad is intended to appeal to which of the Maslow hierarchy of needs?


A) physiological needs
B) safety needs
C) social needs
D) personal needs
E) self-actualization needs

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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What percentage of adults is considered to be opinion leaders?


A) 1 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 25 percent
E) It depends upon the type of product.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about family decision making is most accurate?


A) The use of joint decision making is directly related to the educational levels achieved by the spouses.
B) Husbands make most of the purchase decisions about cars, vacations, and homes.
C) The two types of family decision making are joint and autonomous.
D) With autonomous decision making, the husband would make all the decisions about groceries, medicine, and car maintenance.
E) Women have little influence when it comes to men's clothing purchases except for socks or ties.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Comparative advertising, in which one brand is compared to another, is intended to cause consumers to perceive differences between the products featured in the advertising. Marketers who employ comparative advertising are trying to use __________ to make consumers believe that their products are better than competitors' offerings.


A) cognitive dissonance
B) selective retention
C) selective comprehension
D) stimulus generalization
E) stimulus discrimination

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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An example of a public source of information consulted during an external search would include


A) People magazine advertising.
B) Consumer Reports magazine.
C) a salesperson at the Apple Store.
D) your brother-in-law.
E) a point of purchase display at Target.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Define consumer socialization.

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Consumer socialization is a process by w...

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Which problem solving variation would normally be used to purchase items such as cereal or laundry detergent?


A) limited problem solving
B) extended problem solving
C) routine problem solving
D) situational problem solving
E) integrated problem solving

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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An example of a public source of information consulted during an external search would include


A) advertising.
B) relatives.
C) salespeople.
D) friends.
E) product-rating organizations.

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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In the VALS framework, consumers who place importance on image-not as evidence of power or status, but as an expression of cultivated tastes, independence, and character-are referred to as


A) Actualizers.
B) Innovators.
C) Achievers.
D) Makers.
E) Strivers.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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If you read the chapters from your marketing textbook the night before this test and still could not remember several of the correct marketing terms, you may be experiencing


A) selective retention.
B) selective comprehension.
C) selective exposure.
D) selective perception.
E) subliminal perception.

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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The personal, social, and economic significance of the purchase to the consumer, which is known as the level of __________, may cause him or her to skip or minimize one or more stages in the consumer purchase decision process.


A) aspiration
B) cognitive dissonance
C) motivation
D) situational influences
E) involvement

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The ________________ is influenced by situational, psychological, sociocultural, and marketing mix influences.


A) consumer purchase decision process
B) organizational buying decision process
C) marketing research process
D) marketing program
E) consumer socialization process

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Purchase task, social surroundings, physical surroundings, temporal effects, and antecedent states can have an impact on a consumer's purchase decision process. These are referred to as


A) marketing mix influences.
B) situational influences.
C) psychological influences.
D) sociocultural influences.
E) evaluative criteria.

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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In the VALS framework, consumers motivated by achievement look for products and services that demonstrate success to their peers or to a peer group they aspire to. A segment of the achievement-motivated groups, known as __________, are trendy, fun-loving, and less self-confident than Achievers.


A) Strivers
B) Experiencers
C) Believers
D) Makers
E) Survivors

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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In the Maslow hierarchy of needs, water, food, and oxygen would be considered __________ needs.


A) psychological
B) safety
C) social
D) personal
E) physiological

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Consumers with credit cards


A) are less influenced by physical surrounding than those who pay by cash or check.
B) are influenced to a certain extent by a retailer's physical surroundings to buy more with their credit cards than with cash.
C) purchase more than those who purchase with cash or debit cards.
D) purchase less than those who purchase with cash or debit cards.
E) purchase less when accompanied by children than when in the company of other adults.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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