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What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation? Give some examples of outcomes associated with each of these. Are you more motivated by extrinsic or intrinsic outcomes? Explain, using examples from your own life.

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Extrinsic motivation is motivation that ...

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"A" in the SMART goals stands for:


A) affordable.
B) ability.
C) achievable.
D) aspire.
E) assess.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success is known as:


A) instrumentality.
B) valence.
C) equity.
D) complexity.
E) self-efficacy.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Merit pay and profit sharing offer little in the way of difficult and specific goals.

A) True
B) False

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Valence can be defined as cognitive groupings or clusters of outcomes that are viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences.

A) True
B) False

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The Cotton Yard is a family-run knitting company. It specializes in custom-made woolen sweaters, pullovers, scarves, and gloves. Younger family members have learned the value of attention to detail when creating a knit pattern by observing the praise given to knitters who exhibit this level of attention. Those who now exhibit close attention to detail while knitting have learned through ______.


A) past accomplishments
B) vicarious experiences
C) lecture sessions
D) emotional cues
E) instrumentality

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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The person who seems to provide an intuitive frame of reference for judging equity is known as the:


A) equity resolver.
B) comparison other.
C) cognitive distortion creator.
D) goals monitor.
E) outcome evaluator.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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To hold a high evaluation of oneself and to feel effective and respected by others are _____ needs.


A) control
B) self-actualization
C) esteem
D) autonomy
E) relatedness

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is known as _____ motivation.


A) instrumental
B) extrinsic
C) intrinsic
D) expectant
E) efficacious

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Larry is a commercial financial analyst but wants to become a commercial lender, so he engages in self-directed learning, seeks out feedback from his managers, and manages his own workload. Larry is attempting to build his own _____.


A) meaningfulness
B) valence
C) competence
D) impact
E) instrumentality

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Identify and explain the acronym SMART as used in goal setting theory. Give an example of a SMART goal from your own life.

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SMART goals are:
S = Specific
M = Measur...

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Efficacy is moderated by _____, where feelings of fear or anxiety can create doubts about task accomplishment, while pride and enthusiasm can bolster confidence levels.


A) emotional cues
B) instrumentality
C) past accomplishments
D) verbal persuasion
E) vicarious experiences

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance is known as:


A) instrumentality.
B) valence.
C) equity.
D) expectancy.
E) self-efficacy.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Comparison with others in the same organization doing substantially different jobs is called:


A) job equity.
B) occupational equity.
C) company equity.
D) age equity.
E) educational equity.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance is known as _____ motivation.


A) control
B) extrinsic
C) intrinsic
D) expectant
E) efficacious

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Hannah has been asked to give the opening speech at her global company's annual sales convention. She has successfully given speeches in the past, and her friends have all told her she would be great at this. These have resulted in a high sense of self-efficacy, and she accepts the assignment.

A) True
B) False

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Identify and explain individual-, unit-, and organization-focused compensation plan elements.

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Individual-focused elements-
- Piece-rat...

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_____ consists of updates that employees receive on their progress toward goal attainment.


A) Task complexity
B) Goal commitment
C) Feedback
D) Self-efficacy
E) Instrumentality

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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After his annual performance appraisal, Ted was disappointed with his 10 percent increase in pay, compared to the 20 percent increase his colleagues received. When Ted spoke to his manager, he was told his colleagues were able to perform well over the minimum standard. Ted had not been aware of the minimum he was expected to achieve or the levels generally achieved by his colleagues. What would help Ted improve his performance?


A) Increasing Ted's goal commitment
B) Increasing Ted's task complexity
C) Setting specific goals
D) Decreasing Ted's valence
E) Increasing Ted's dissonance

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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The cognitive groupings or clusters of outcomes that are viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences are known as:


A) instrumentality.
B) valence.
C) equity.
D) expectancy.
E) needs.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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