Question 1

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations.
-Confusion,irritability,depression,headache,seizures

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyponatremia
B)  Hypernatremia
C)  Hypercalcemia
D)  Hypokalemia
E)  HypomagnesemiaF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B)   Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C)   Capillary oncotic pressure
D)   Interstitial oncotic pressureE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

MATCHING
Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. ) 
-Regulation of osmolality

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium
B)  Chloride
C)  Potassium
D)  Magnesium
E)  PhosphateF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Movement of water from the intracellular fluid (ICF)to the extracellular fluid (ECF)is primarily accomplished by active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Proteins are primarily an intracellular buffer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

How does the body reestablish equilibrium when solute is added to extracellular fluid making it hypertonic?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water is drawn from the extracellular space to the intracellular space.
B)   Sodium is drawn from the extracellular space to the intracellular space.
C)   Sodium is drawn from the intracellular space to the extracellular space.
D)   Water is drawn from the intracellular space to the extracellular space.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. ) 
-Required for glycogen deposition in the liver

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium
B)  Chloride
C)  Potassium
D)  Magnesium
E)  PhosphateF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

In hyperkalemia,cardiac rhythm changes are a direct result of:

Accepted Answer

A)   cardiac cell hypopolarization.
B)   cardiac cell hyperexcitability.
C)   depression of the sinoatrial (S
A)  node.
D)   cardiac cell repolarization.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations.
-Fatigue,weakness,kidney stones,varying degrees of heart block

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyponatremia
B)  Hypernatremia
C)  Hypercalcemia
D)  Hypokalemia
E)  HypomagnesemiaF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)   osmotic forces.
B)   plasma oncotic pressure.
C)   antidiuretic hormone.
D)   hydrostatic forces.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations.
-Absent bowel sounds,skeletal muscle weakness,bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyponatremia
B)  Hypernatremia
C)  Hypercalcemia
D)  Hypokalemia
E)  HypomagnesemiaF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

What are causes of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition
B)   Vomiting and diarrhea
C)   Renal failure and crush injuries
D)   Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing diseaseE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

During acidosis,the body compensates for the increase in hydrogen ions in the blood by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oxygen
B)   Sodium
C)   Potassium
D)   MagnesiumE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

What is the significance of deep,rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations) in metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It indicates that anxiety,with rapid breathing,is a cause of respiratory acidosis.
B)   It indicates the excessive carbon dioxide is exhaled to compensate for metabolic acidosis.
C)   It indicates that diabetic ketoacidosis is the cause of the metabolic acidosis.
D)   It indicates that more oxygen is necessary to compensate for respiratory acidosis.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

_____ alterations occur when changes in total body water (TBW) are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes.

Accepted Answer

A)   Isotonic
B)   Hypertonic
C)   Hypotonic
D)   NormotonicE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

How does the loss of chloride during vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Loss of chloride stimulates the release of aldosterone,which causes the retained sodium to bind with the chloride.
B)   Loss of chloride causes hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium to maintain cation balance.
C)   Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance.
D)   Loss of chloride causes hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for transmission of nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

A)   The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+) and extracellular sodium
B)   The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+) and extracellular potassium
C)   The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+) and extracellular potassium (K+) 
D)   The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+) and extracellular sodium (Na+) E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Infants have the highest overall percentage of body water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)   Angiotensin I
B)   Angiotensin II
C)   Aldosterone
D)   ReninE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which groups are at risk for fluid imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Elderly persons,thin women,and infants
B)   Infants,children,and obese persons
C)   Thin women,obese persons,and elderly persons
D)   Obese persons,elderly persons,and infantsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 3: The Cellular Environment

How does the loss of chloride during vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

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In hyperkalemia,cardiac rhythm changes are a direct result of:

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Infants have the highest overall percentage of body water.

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Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Confusion,irritability,depression,headache,seizures

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Which groups are at risk for fluid imbalance?

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Movement of water from the intracellular fluid (ICF)to the extracellular fluid (ECF)is primarily accomplished by active transport.

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Proteins are primarily an intracellular buffer.

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What is the significance of deep,rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations) in metabolic acidosis?

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_____ alterations occur when changes in total body water (TBW) are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During acidosis,the body compensates for the increase in hydrogen ions in the blood by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MATCHING Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Regulation of osmolality

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MATCHING Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Required for glycogen deposition in the liver

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How does the body reestablish equilibrium when solute is added to extracellular fluid making it hypertonic?

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Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Fatigue,weakness,kidney stones,varying degrees of heart block

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Absent bowel sounds,skeletal muscle weakness,bradycardia

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Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

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Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?

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What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for transmission of nerve impulses?

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What are causes of hyperkalemia?

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