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Wes's employer has established a course of learning for him. From the standpoint of organizational behavior, this is particularly important because learning will help him to


A) find other employment.
B) make more money at his job.
C) move up the corporate ladder.
D) become a better decision maker.
E) take greater authority in group situations.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Define the term heuristics, discuss the relationship between heuristics and biases, and explain at least two of the associated biases with examples. Why do people fall prey to these biases, and what is faulty about them?

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Student answers and examples will vary b...

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________ is the process of selecting, organizing, storing, and retrieving information about the environment.


A) Intuition
B) Learning
C) Satisficing
D) Perception
E) Stereotyping

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Discuss the relationships among learning, experience, and decision making.

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Learning reflects relatively permanent c...

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Escalation of commitment refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

A) True
B) False

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At Sound & Light, a store that sells computers, stereos, and accessories, the sales team has monthly evaluations, and the top five performers receive bonuses. This is an example of


A) a fixed ratio schedule.
B) a fixed interval schedule.
C) a variable ratio schedule.
D) continuous reinforcement.
E) a variable interval schedule.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Elaine is now a division manager, but for more than a decade she was the sales manager, and she tends to view all organizational problems based on the effect they will have on the sales department. Her decisions are flawed due to projection bias.

A) True
B) False

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As a soldier in the U.S. Army, Lexi underwent an extensive course of training as a combat field medic. During that time, she learned from manuals and performed exercises involving dummies and other simulation aids. A few months later, she found herself in a combat situation overseas, treating real soldiers with actual wounds. She would later tell her family that what she learned in a day on the battlefield was worth many weeks of training in school. In terms of organizational behavior, this example illustrates the difference between ________ knowledge.


A) explicit and tacit
B) general and specific
C) ordinary and esoteric
D) theoretical and practical
E) transitory and permanent

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The concept of bounded rationality suggests that we are likely to


A) choose the first acceptable alternative.
B) evaluate all alternatives simultaneously.
C) pick the alternative that minimizes value.
D) use accurate information to evaluate alternatives.
E) develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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The first step in rational decision-making is to


A) generate the list of available alternatives.
B) choose the solution that maximizes value.
C) evaluate the alternatives that are available.
D) choose a person who could evaluate the decision.
E) identify the criteria that are important in making the decision.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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The belief that others think, feel, and act the same way as you do is called ________ bias.


A) fundamental attribution
B) social identity
C) availability
D) self-serving
E) projection

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Denise is a freelance writer who works with a number of clients. She used to charge by the hour, but she has now switched to charging by the page. In other words, she has moved from a ________ schedule.


A) fixed interval to a fixed ratio
B) fixed interval to a variable ratio
C) variable interval to a fixed ratio
D) variable interval to a continuous
E) variable interval to a variable ratio

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Research shows that the difference between experts and novices is almost always a function of intelligence as opposed to the more popular view that learning makes the difference.

A) True
B) False

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Research shows that the differences between experts and novices are almost always a function of


A) learning.
B) intuition.
C) expertise.
D) intelligence.
E) distinctiveness.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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________ is the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall.


A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Social identity theory
C) Availability bias
D) Stereotyping
E) Satisficing

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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