Question 1

Discuss the five stages of Galotti's (2002) model of general decision making. Discuss an example to illustrate all five stages.

Accepted Answer

Student should name and define "setting goals, gathering information, structuring the decision, making a final choice, and evaluation," and should be able to walk the reader through an example.

Question 2

The probability heuristics model proposes that everyday reasoning is not based on probability but rather on logic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Correlation implies causation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Discuss the different types of heuristics biases we face when making decisions, and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

A correct answer would include and defin...

Question 5

Wason (1960, 1972)  identified three general strategies that his participants used for hypothesis testing. All of the following are included EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   Verification
B)   Correlation
C)   Thinking about alternatives
D)   FalsificationE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Imagine that you attend a party with a group of friends, where you all eat a delicious 4-course meal. However, that night, you all end up sick, and you conclude that you must have all gotten sick from the food you ate. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Representation-explanation approaches
B)   Causal reasoning
C)   Analogical reasoning
D)   Category inductionE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

_____ propose that reasoning relies primarily on general heuristics focused on the surface properties of the quantifiers in the argument rather than on reasoning analytically.

Accepted Answer

A)   Representation-explanation approaches
B)   Synaptic approaches
C)   Conclusion interpretation approaches
D)   Surface approachesE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 8

_____ is about absolute truth, while _____ examines the likelihood of a conclusion being true.

Accepted Answer

A)   deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning
B)   Inductive reasoning; deductive reasoningC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 9

"All doctors are smart. All those who are smart are wealthy. All doctors are wealthy." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   logistic reasoning
B)   conducive reasoning
C)   conditional reasoning
D)   syllogistic reasoningE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Deductive reasoning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   Understanding and representing the premises
B)   Examining the likelihood of a conclusion being true
C)   Combining these representations
D)   Drawing a conclusionE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

_____ is a process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises.

Accepted Answer

A)   Conditional reasoning
B)   Syllogistic reasoning
C)   Rational reasoning
D)   Irrational reasoningE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Forrest Gump's famous quote, "Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you're going to get," is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Surface approaches
B)   Category induction
C)   Causal reasoning
D)   Analogical reasoningE) B) and C)
F) None of the above D

Question 13

All of the following are types of inductive reasoning EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   Analogical reasoning
B)   Category induction
C)   Representation-explanation approaches
D)   Causal reasoningE) None of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 14

Compare and contrast syllogistic and conditional reasoning. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

A correct answer would name an...

Question 15

There are rarely established procedures for solving a problem in a laboratory setting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

_____ focus on how we represent arguments.

Accepted Answer

A)   Synaptic approaches
B)   Surface approaches
C)   Conclusion interpretation approaches
D)   Representation-explanation approachesE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

Imagine you are out at a bar, trying to make new friends. You see a blonde woman who appears to be nice, but you think, "I don't think I'll approach her - blondes tend to be ditzy." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Availability bias
B)   Framing bias
C)   Representativeness bias
D)   Comprehension biasE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

_____ are mental shortcuts that we use to reduce the processing burden on our cognitive systems.

Accepted Answer

A)   Resources
B)   Algorithms
C)   Heuristics
D)   NotesE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

The general model of decision making suggests that we spend time structuring our decision before making a final decision.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Roberts (2005)  defined three general approaches of deductive reasoning, all of which are included EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristic approaches
B)   representation-explanation approaches
C)   conclusion-heuristic approaches
D)   conclusion interpretation approachesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 12: Reasoning and Decision Making

Discuss the five stages of Galotti's (2002) model of general decision making. Discuss an example to illustrate all five stages.

Correct AnswerverifiedStudent should name and define "setting goals, gathering information, structuring the decision, making a final choice, and evaluation," and should be able to walk the reader through an example.

The probability heuristics model proposes that everyday reasoning is not based on probability but rather on logic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlation implies causation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the different types of heuristics biases we face when making decisions, and give an example of each.

Correct AnswerverifiedA correct answer would include and defin...View AnswerShow Answer

Wason (1960, 1972) identified three general strategies that his participants used for hypothesis testing. All of the following are included EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that you attend a party with a group of friends, where you all eat a delicious 4-course meal. However, that night, you all end up sick, and you conclude that you must have all gotten sick from the food you ate. This is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ propose that reasoning relies primarily on general heuristics focused on the surface properties of the quantifiers in the argument rather than on reasoning analytically.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is about absolute truth, while _____ examines the likelihood of a conclusion being true.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"All doctors are smart. All those who are smart are wealthy. All doctors are wealthy." This is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deductive reasoning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is a process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Forrest Gump's famous quote, "Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you're going to get," is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

All of the following are types of inductive reasoning EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Compare and contrast syllogistic and conditional reasoning. Give an example of each.

Correct AnswerverifiedA correct answer would name an...View AnswerShow Answer

There are rarely established procedures for solving a problem in a laboratory setting.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ focus on how we represent arguments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine you are out at a bar, trying to make new friends. You see a blonde woman who appears to be nice, but you think, "I don't think I'll approach her - blondes tend to be ditzy." This is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are mental shortcuts that we use to reduce the processing burden on our cognitive systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The general model of decision making suggests that we spend time structuring our decision before making a final decision.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Roberts (2005) defined three general approaches of deductive reasoning, all of which are included EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Student should name and define "setting goals, gathering information, structuring the decision, making a final choice, and evaluation," and should be able to walk the reader through an example.

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A correct answer would include and defin...
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_ is about absolute truth, while _ examines the likelihood of a conclusion being true.

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D

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C

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A correct answer would name an...
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