Question 1

The basic components of informed consent are

Accepted Answer

A)   competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.
B)   volunteerism and comprehension.
C)   competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results.
D)   anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Epidemological researchers such as Delisi,Maurizio,Yost,et al.,2003,who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,generally use the research method called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational model
B)   case study
C)   experiment
D)   longitudinal studyE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

In cross-cultural research,the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   culture
B)   disorder
C)   method used to treat the disorder
D)   success of the treatmentE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

In research studies,the term "effect size" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   how much each treated and untreated person in the study changes.
B)   the power of the statistical tests that are used to detect the impact of the independent variable.
C)   how many subjects are included in a particular study.
D)   the degree of external validity that the study has.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Placebos are used in experiments to

Accepted Answer

A)   control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studies.
B)   control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
C)   help determine whether an independent variable actually causes a statistically significant change in a dependent variable.
D)   make certain that the treatment and control group are randomly selected.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_________ and the independent variable is _________________

Accepted Answer

A)   sunlight; depression
B)   depression; sunlight
C)   sunlight; mood
D)   depression; moodE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Adoption studies can be used to study the influence of genetic influences on psychopathology

Accepted Answer

A)   without the typical confound of common biological parents.
B)   using more sophisticated statistical techniques.
C)   through direct examination of genetic causes.
D)   without the typical confound of siblings raised in the same environment.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together,you may be confusing

Accepted Answer

A)   correlation with causation.
B)   confounds with correlations.
C)   independent variable with dependent variable.
D)   statistical and clinical effects.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

The single-case experimental design

Accepted Answer

A)   always uses a single case.
B)   is not concerned with external validity.
C)   is not concerned with internal validity.
D)   often incorporates several people at once.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

A hypothesis is defined as a(n) _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   theory
B)   empirical conclusion
C)   research study
D)   educated guessE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked,the more likely they were to develop lung cancer,heart disease,and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   that there is a positive correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer.
B)   that there is a negative correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer.
C)   that smoking causes lung cancer and other serious illnesses.
D)   there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer or other serious illnesses.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design.This means that it cannot be determined if

Accepted Answer

A)   findings for cohort groups are due to their similar experiences or similar age.
B)   findings are due to the fact that age and life experience tend to be correlated.
C)   differences across groups are due to differences in assignment to the treatment conditions.
D)   differences across groups are due to age, experience, or the experimental manipulation.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Accepted Answer

A)   manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effects on a dependent variable.
B)   in-depth examination of many variables associated with a small number of individuals.
C)   statistical examination of the relationships between variables.
D)   statistical examination of the cause of changes in a dependent variable.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   random assignment
B)   external validity
C)   chance
D)   confoundsE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Combining the monozygotic and adoption study methods,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,similarities in behaviors,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine

Accepted Answer

A)   the effects of adoption on a child's psychological functioning.
B)   whether it is detrimental to separate twins at birth.
C)   whether genes or adoption impact psychopathology.
D)   the effects of genes.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

The directionality issue in correlation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   whether two variables are correlated positively or negatively.
B)   which factor causes the other to occur.
C)   whether conclusions based on data are true or false.
D)   the strength of a correlation.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Your friend has trouble making commitments in relationships.You believe that this is because her parents had a bitter divorce when she was young.Your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult would be considered a(n) _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothesis
B)   independent variable
C)   empirical conclusion
D)   applied theoryE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Confounds,or factors that make it difficult to interpret accurately the results of a study,directly affect

Accepted Answer

A)   reliability.
B)   external validity.
C)   internal validity.
D)   whether the results are published.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   shared environments.
B)   inherited characteristics other than the disorder.
C)   family history.
D)   inherited tendencies to behave in a specific manner.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology.The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Accepted Answer

A)   impossible to understand until the entire human genome is sequenced.
B)   difficult to understand with the limited statistical models available.
C)   based on more than single gene defects.
D)   insignificant in comparison to the power of the environment.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 4: Research Methods

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Correct Answer
verified

A hypothesis is defined as a(n) _________.

Correct Answer
verified

Confounds,or factors that make it difficult to interpret accurately the results of a study,directly affect

Correct Answer
verified

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design.This means that it cannot be determined if

Correct Answer
verified

In cross-cultural research,the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________.

Correct Answer
verified

Epidemological researchers such as Delisi,Maurizio,Yost,et al.,2003,who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,generally use the research method called the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In research studies,the term "effect size" refers to

Correct Answer
verified

The directionality issue in correlation refers to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Placebos are used in experiments to

Correct Answer
verified

The single-case experimental design

Correct Answer
verified

Combining the monozygotic and adoption study methods,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,similarities in behaviors,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine

Correct Answer
verified

Adoption studies can be used to study the influence of genetic influences on psychopathology

Correct Answer
verified

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked,the more likely they were to develop lung cancer,heart disease,and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_ and the independent variable is _________

Correct Answer
verified

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology.The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Correct Answer
verified

The basic components of informed consent are

Correct Answer
verified

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together,you may be confusing

Correct Answer
verified

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Correct Answer
verified

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hypothesis is defined as a(n) _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Confounds,or factors that make it difficult to interpret accurately the results of a study,directly affect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design.This means that it cannot be determined if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In cross-cultural research,the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Epidemological researchers such as Delisi,Maurizio,Yost,et al.,2003,who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,generally use the research method called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In research studies,the term "effect size" refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The directionality issue in correlation refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Placebos are used in experiments to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The single-case experimental design

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Combining the monozygotic and adoption study methods,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,similarities in behaviors,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adoption studies can be used to study the influence of genetic influences on psychopathology

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked,the more likely they were to develop lung cancer,heart disease,and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_________ and the independent variable is _________________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology.The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic components of informed consent are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together,you may be confusing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_ and the independent variable is _________

Correct Answer
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