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According to the Add Health Survey, which of the following is true regarding youth with same-sex orientation and suicide?


A) A vast majority of the youth reported no thoughts or attempts of suicide.
B) The youth were no more likely to attempt suicide than their peers.
C) The youth were no more likely to abuse alcohol or experience depression than their peers.
D) The youth were no more likely to be victimized or have a family history of suicide.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The majority of depressed youngsters do not attempt or commit suicide.

A) True
B) False

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In the Stark et al., studies where 9-13 year old girls received a school based treatment for depression (Action Program) , which of the following is true?


A) The girls were taught to use coping skills if they were unhappy and did not know why.
B) Behavioral activation referred to efforts made to identify behaviors that triggered depression.
C) The cognitive behavioral program alone was not as effective as the program using parent training and cognitive behavioral therapy combined.
D) Improvements were initially strong but were not maintained at a 1-year follow up.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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The primary treatment for bipolar disorder is pharmacotherapy.

A) True
B) False

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The most prevalent form of affective disorder among children and adolescents is


A) bipolar disorder.
B) cyclothymia.
C) dysthymia.
D) major depressive disorder.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Research indicates that 40 to 70% of youth diagnosed with major depressive disorder have a co-occurring disorder.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements regarding suicide risk is accurate?


A) A history of prior attempts is unrelated to risk for future suicide.
B) There is no evidence that suicide is "contagious" in youth.
C) There is no evidence for higher rates of completed suicides in gay and lesbian youth.
D) The period 3 months after hospitalization for a suicide attempt is a time when youth are the safest (i.e., least likely to reattempt) .

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Self-report measures of depression in youngsters are particularly important because


A) mothers frequently deny that their children are depressed.
B) fathers frequently deny that their children are depressed.
C) it is important that the child publicly acknowledges that he or she is depressed.
D) many of the key problems that characterize depression are subjective.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Regarding pharmacotherapy for childhood depression,


A) research supports the superiority of antidepressant medications in prepubertal children and adolescents.
B) antidepressant medications have well-established guidelines for administration with youngsters.
C) antidepressant medications are established as being safe for youngsters.
D) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the medications most likely to be recommended.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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The term anaclitic depression refers to the cognitive components of depression.

A) True
B) False

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Lower socioeconomic (SES)status is associated with lower rates of depression.

A) True
B) False

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The hopelessness theory of depression would predict that youngsters with a negative attributional style, as compared to youngsters with a positive attributional style, would


A) be more depressed under low stress conditions, but not under high stress conditions.
B) be more depressed under high stress conditions, but not under low stress conditions.
C) be more depressed under both high and low stress conditions.
D) be less depressed under both high and low stress conditions.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Briefly describe the research findings on brain functioning and neurochemistry in relation to depression. How do these results apply to children and adolescents?

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Research findings have shown that indivi...

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Peer status has been found to be associated with adjustment difficulties, including depression.

A) True
B) False

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Suicide prevention programs have proven to be quite successful.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements regarding the relationship of age and gender to the usual findings regarding the prevalence of depression is correct?


A) There are no gender differences in children (ages 6-12) or in adolescents.
B) There are no gender differences in children (ages 6-12) , but in adolescence, depression is more common in boys.
C) There are no gender differences in children (ages 6-12) , but in adolescence, depression is more common in girls.
D) Depression is more common in girls in both age groups.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Jake is 15 years old. Since about age 10, he has had periods of sadness, irritability and withdrawal. At times, he was so down that he could not get out of bed or make it to school. Recently, he has begun to experience times where he felt energized and needed less sleep. He got caught up on his homework, joined three clubs at school and tried out for the basketball team. He asked "the best looking girl in the school," a senior, to prom . His parents describe him as arrogant and irritable at times. He seems annoyed that people can't keep up with him in conversation. Which of the following best describes Jake's symptoms?


A) Bipolar I
B) Bipolar II
C) Cyclothmia
D) Depression in remission

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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A patient who challenges and changes problematic cognitions is performing :


A) cognitive refocusing.
B) brain training.
C) reparenting.
D) cognitive restructuring.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Mania may be expressed as irritability in children and adolescents.

A) True
B) False

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The results of the research by Hammen and her colleagues comparing the long-term effects of maternal depression (MD) and maternal chronic illness (MCI) on children found that


A) rates of psychological disorder in both MD and MCI children were higher than in children of non-ill mothers, but MD and MCI children did not differ from each other.
B) rates of psychological disorder in both MD and MCI children were higher than in children of non-ill mothers and MD children had higher rates of psychological disorders than MCI children.
C) rates of psychological disorders were higher only for the MD children compared to the MCI children and children of non-ill mothers.
D) neither MD or MCI children differed from children of non-ill mothers in rates of psychological disorders.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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