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In a free-operant procedure, if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval, you would expect


A) the subject would quickly learn to make the avoidance response.
B) the subject would slowly learn to make the avoidance response.
C) the subject would be unlikely to make the avoidance response.
D) subjects would vary greatly as to their learning rates.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Your new client has a fear of exams and to avoid them has been skipping class altogether. What can you do to eliminate this disruptive avoidance behavior?

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Which procedure is carried out to determine if an organism can learn to avoid a non-signaled aversive stimulus?


A) free-operant avoidance
B) discriminated avoidance
C) shuttle avoidance
D) two-way avoidance

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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In a discriminated avoidance procedure, the CS is


A) always followed by the aversive US.
B) never followed by the aversive US.
C) followed by the aversive US if the subject makes the CR.
D) not followed by the aversive US if the subject makes the CR.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

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Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away, but the puppy always caught the cat. Now, the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near. Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?


A) SSDR theory
B) the two-process theory of avoidance
C) the shock-frequency reduction theory
D) the safety-signal hypothesis

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is


A) the number of response prevention trials.
B) the time spent exposed to the CS during response prevention trials.
C) the time spent engaging in the UR during response prevention trials.
D) the time spent exposed to the US during response prevention trials.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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