Question 1

X-rays can be used to view bones because

Accepted Answer

A)   x-rays pass through bone.
B)   x-rays react with bone.
C)   x-rays cannot pass through bone.
D)   bones are less dense than soft tissue.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the effect that holding your breath has on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

A)   Holding your breath increases blood pH by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
B)   Holding your breath decreases blood pH by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
C)   Holding your breath increases blood pH by decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
D)   Holding your breath decreases blood pH by decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Kinetic energy is

Accepted Answer

A)   the form of energy that actually does work.
B)   movement of ions or electrons.
C)   energy that flows between objects with different temperatures.
D)   stored energy that could do work but is not doing so.
E)   energy that moves in waves.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 
B)   Salt (NaCl) 
C)   Sucrose (C12H22O11) 
D)   Water (H2O) 
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a/an ________ bond.

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen
B)   nonpolar covalent
C)   polar covalent
D)   ionic
E)   Van der WaalsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Proteins in cells can act as important buffer systems. If intracellular pH rises, certain ________ of proteins can ________ H+ to return pH to normal conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)   amino acids; donate
B)   nucleotides; donate
C)   amino acids; accept
D)   nucleotides; acceptE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

A group of water molecules are held together by ________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)   savings
B)   hydrogen
C)   ionic
D)   nonpolar covalent
E)   polar covalentF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 8

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, ________ are transferred between molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)   electrons
B)   charges
C)   neutrons
D)   protonsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

To which of the following organic groups does DNA belong?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carbohydrate
B)   Protein
C)   Lipid
D)   Nucleic acid
E)   VitaminF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios appropriately represents kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A)   A student marking an answer on a exam paper
B)   A swinging door propped open
C)   A large truck parked at the top of a steep hill
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Accepted Answer

A)   nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current.
B)   molecules.
C)   electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current.
D)   nonelectrolytes and solutes.
E)   molecules and electrolytes.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   protons
B)   electrons
C)   neutrons
D)   neutrinos
E)   photonsF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

The four most abundant elements in the human body are

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron.
B)   carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
C)   calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium.
D)   carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc.
E)   carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   producing surface tension in water.
B)   helping hold a protein structure together.
C)   helping hold DNA strands together.
D)   helping atoms give up or receive electrons.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

A buffer will

Accepted Answer

A)   enhance changes in the pH of the solutions.
B)   resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions.
C)   have no effect on the pH of the solutions.
D)   make a solution more acidic.
E)   make a solution more basic.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

Accepted Answer

A)   energy has been stored in the molecular bonds of the product.
B)   energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds.
C)   the reaction will be reversible without additional energy input.
D)   a synthesis reaction is likely to have occurred.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 17

An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chlorine atoms have 18 electrons.
B)   Chlorine has a mass number of 35.
C)   Chlorine has an atomic number of 18.
D)   Chlorine has 35 electrons.
E)   Chlorine has an atomic number of 35.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Phospholipids

Accepted Answer

A)   contain subunits called amino acids.
B)   are water-soluble.
C)   are a type of steroid.
D)   are fat-soluble vitamins.
E)   are found in plasma membranes.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

The conversion between different states of energy (e.g. potential energy to kinetic energy)

Accepted Answer

A)   is not 100% efficient.
B)   is 100% efficient.
C)   typically generates heat.
D)   is not possible; energy cannot change its state.
E)   is not 100% efficient and typically generates heat.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Which function of proteins is NOT correctly matched with the example?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transport - hemoglobin
B)   Structure - collagen and keratin
C)   Regulation - enzymes and hormones
D)   Protection - packing around organs and glands
E)   Contraction - actin and myosin in musclesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

X-rays can be used to view bones because

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Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a/an ________ bond.

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Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are ________.

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Which of the following is an organic compound?

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The four most abundant elements in the human body are

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Kinetic energy is

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Which of the following scenarios appropriately represents kinetic energy?

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In an oxidation-reduction reaction, ________ are transferred between molecules.

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Phospholipids

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An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is true?

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Proteins in cells can act as important buffer systems. If intracellular pH rises, certain ________ of proteins can ________ H+ to return pH to normal conditions.

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A group of water molecules are held together by ________ bonds.

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Which function of proteins is NOT correctly matched with the example?

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If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

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Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

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Which of the following best describes the effect that holding your breath has on blood pH?

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Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except

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To which of the following organic groups does DNA belong?

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A buffer will

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The conversion between different states of energy (e.g. potential energy to kinetic energy)

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Proteins in cells can act as important buffer systems. If intracellular pH rises, certain of proteins can H⁺ to return pH to normal conditions.

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