Question 1

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   urethra
B)   ureter
C)   calyces
D)   renal columns
E)   renal tubulesF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 2

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   filtration
B)   reabsorption
C)   secretion
D)   elimination
E)   excretionF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Accepted Answer

A)   both Na+ and H+ are transported into the tubular lumen.
B)   both Na+ and H+ are transported into the tubular cell.
C)   Na+ are transported into the cell; H+ are transported out of the cell.
D)   Na+ are transported into the tubular lumen; H+ are transported into the cell.
E)   Na+ are transported out of the cell; H+ are transported into the cell.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Arrange the following in correct order.
(1)  Cotransport molecule binds to Na+ and glucose
(2)  Establish Na+ concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen
(3)  Sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell
(4)  Active transport of Na+ from tubular cells to interstitial area

Accepted Answer

A)   2, 1, 3, 4
B)   4, 2, 1, 3
C)   1, 3, 4, 2
D)   2, 4, 1, 3
E)   1, 2, 3, 4F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   constriction of afferent arterioles
B)   sympathetic stimulation
C)   aldosterone secretion
D)   ADH secretion
E)   None of the choices are correctF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   renal corpuscle
B)   proximal convoluted tubule
C)   distal convoluted tubule
D)   glomerular capillaries
E)   collecting ductF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vasoconstriction of arterioles
B)   Increases thirst
C)   Increases ADH secretion
D)   Decreases peripheral resistance
E)   Increases aldosterone secretionF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport
B)   countercurrent
C)   cotransport
D)   sortingE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gravity
B)   a pressure gradient
C)   a concentration gradient
D)   peristaltic contractions
E)   osmotic gradientF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)   Podocytes
B)   Macula densa
C)   Glomerular endothelium
D)   The basement membrane
E)   Parietal layer of Bowman capsuleF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by

Accepted Answer

A)   both the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
B)   both the collecting duct and Bowman capsule.
C)   both the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule.
D)   both the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle.
E)   loop of Henle only.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   40%
B)   56%
C)   64%
D)   72%
E)   80%F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   reabsorption of all the solute
B)   a renal clearance of zero
C)   a net filtration pressure of 1.0
D)   appearance of that solute in the urine
E)   absence of that solute from the urineF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   K+
B)   water content
C)   glucose content
D)   bicarbonate content
E)   H+F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Accepted Answer

A)   reabsorb glucose.
B)   collect filtrate from Bowman capsule.
C)   actively transport Na+ but not Cl−.
D)   vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present.
E)   do not alter their permeability to water.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Diuretics that inhibit Na+ reabsorption are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   xanthines
B)   osmotic diuretics
C)   thiazide diuretics
D)   carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
E)   ADH inhibitorsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glomerulus
B)   Loop of Henle
C)   Collecting duct
D)   Bowman capsule
E)   Proximal convoluted tubuleF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

In glomerulonephritis, proteins, and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased reabsorption of water.
B)   increased reabsorption of Na+.
C)   increased secretion of Na+.
D)   increased urine output.
E)   decreased urine output.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman capsule is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   vasa recta
B)   glomerulus
C)   peritubular capillary
D)   proximal convoluted capillary
E)   efferent arterioleF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B)   A drop in colloid osmotic pressure
C)   Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
D)   Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E)   An increase in osmotic pressure in the Bowman capsuleF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Exam 26: Urinary System

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In glomerulonephritis, proteins, and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical ________ system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) Cotransport molecule binds to Na+ and glucose (2) Establish Na+ concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen (3) Sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell (4) Active transport of Na+ from tubular cells to interstitial area

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman capsule is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diuretics that inhibit Na+ reabsorption are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) Cotransport molecule binds to Na⁺ and glucose (2) Establish Na⁺ concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen (3) Sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell (4) Active transport of Na⁺ from tubular cells to interstitial area

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Diuretics that inhibit Na⁺ reabsorption are called ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified