Question 1

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum
B)   renal fascia
C)   renal pelvis
D)   renal capsule
E)   renal pyramidF) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 2

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A)   have long loops of Henle.
B)   are found next to the renal capsule.
C)   comprise 85% of all nephrons.
D)   have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla.
E)   have short loops of Henle.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 3

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   compression of the ureteral openings
B)   the external urethral sphincter
C)   the internal urethral sphincter
D)   the ureteral sphincters
E)   ureteral valvesF) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases.
(1)  Decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2)  Increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3)  Increase in arterial blood pressure
(4)  Increase in urine production
(5)  Afferent arterioles dilate

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 5, 2, 4
B)   3, 2, 1, 5, 4
C)   2, 3, 5, 1, 4
D)   3, 1, 5, 2, 4
E)   3, 2, 5, 4, 1F) A) and B)
G) A) and C) D

Question 5

Lasix is a drug that blocks the reabsorption of Na+ in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Accepted Answer

A)   increased urine output.
B)   decreased aldosterone production.
C)   decreased osmolality of the filtrate.
D)   increased osmolality of the urine.
E)   decreased urine volume.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)   High urea concentration in medulla
B)   Active transport of solutes from ascending limb
C)   The vasa recta
D)   Functions of the loop of Henle
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   loop of Henle
B)   collecting duct
C)   distal convoluted tubule
D)   proximal convoluted tubule
E)   Bowman capsuleF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Less than 1%
B)   5%
C)   10%
D)   80%
E)   90%F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 9

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased ________ production.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   insulin
C)   aldosterone
D)   angiotensin II
E)   glucagonF) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 10

The kidneys produce renin when

Accepted Answer

A)   the urine becomes acidic.
B)   the peritubular capillaries dilate.
C)   the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases.
D)   sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases.
E)   the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

Accepted Answer

A)   incorporating aquaporin-3 channels into the apical membrane.
B)   increasing the number of Na+ − transport proteins in the membranes.
C)   incorporating aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane.
D)   decreasing the number of aquaporin-4 channels in the apical membrane.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   afferent arteriole
C)   efferent arteriole
D)   peritubular capillary
E)   interlobular arteryF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   xanthines
B)   osmotic diuretics
C)   thiazide diuretics
D)   carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
E)   potassium-sparing diureticsF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum
B)   renal pelvis
C)   renal capsule
D)   renal pyramid
E)   renal corpuscleF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   H+
B)   Ca2+
C)   Na+
D)   Mg2+
E)   K+F) A) and E)
G) A) and D) A

Question 16

Which type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
B)   Stratified squamous epithelium
C)   Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D)   Simple columnar cells with microvilli and ciliaE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Choose the term that does not belong with the others.

Accepted Answer

A)   Glomerulus
B)   Macula densa
C)   Juxtaglomerular cells
D)   Juxtaglomerular apparatus
E)   Afferent arterioleF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Voluntary micturition

Accepted Answer

A)   involves higher brain centers.
B)   involves control of the internal sphincter.
C)   is a reflex action.
D)   is common in infants.
E)   involves control of smooth muscle.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D) A

Question 19

The micturition reflex is initiated by the

Accepted Answer

A)   stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder.
B)   stretching of the walls of the ureters.
C)   relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder.
D)   constriction of the external urinary sphincter.
E)   relaxation of the external urinary sphincter.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

The filtration membrane prevents blood cells and proteins from entering the Bowman capsule on the basis of size and protein type.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 26: Urinary System

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) Decreased sympathetic stimulation (2) Increase in glomerulus filtration rate (3) Increase in arterial blood pressure (4) Increase in urine production (5) Afferent arterioles dilate

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Lasix is a drug that blocks the reabsorption of Na+ in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased ________ production.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys produce renin when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the term that does not belong with the others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Voluntary micturition

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The micturition reflex is initiated by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The filtration membrane prevents blood cells and proteins from entering the Bowman capsule on the basis of size and protein type.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

Lasix is a drug that blocks the reabsorption of Na⁺ in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Correct Answer
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Diuretics that work by reducing H⁺ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO₃^- ions are classified as ________.

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A

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A

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