Question 1

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lungs
B)   urine
C)   mouth
D)   skin
E)   GI tractF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   chloride
B)   hydrogen
C)   calcium
D)   potassium
E)   magnesiumF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

In which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH levels decrease.
B)   Renin levels increase.
C)   Aldosterone levels increase.
D)   Parathyroid hormone levels decrease.
E)   ADH levels increase.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased respiratory rate
B)   A plasma pH less than 7.40
C)   Retention of H+ by the kidney
D)   Increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions
E)   Secretion of H+ by the kidneyF) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 5

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   blood osmolality
B)   aldosterone production
C)   blood pressure in atria of heart
D)   blood pressure in the kidneys' afferent arterioles
E)   blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   blood pressure
B)   positive interstitial pressure
C)   blood colloid osmotic pressure
D)   critical closing pressure
E)   lymph pressureF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following are sources of water intake? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Cellular metabolism
B)   Ingestion
C)   Perspiration
D)   Respiratory intake
E)   OsmosisF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

When blood pH decreases, which of the following occurs to correct the imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A)   The respiratory center increases the breathing rate.
B)   The respiratory center decreases the breathing rate.
C)   Less CO2 is expelled from the lungs.
D)   More CO2 is expelled from the lungs.
E)   The carbonic acid/bicarbonate equation is driven to the right.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ________ can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Accepted Answer

A)   H+
B)   K+
C)   Na+
D)   phosphate
E)   glucoseF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   osmosis
B)   filtration
C)   facilitated diffusion
D)   active transport
E)   endocytosisF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Accepted Answer

A)   Na+ is excreted by the kidney.
B)   large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested.
C)   carbonic acid is formed.
D)   the respiratory rate decreases.
E)   CO2 levels increase.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of CO2 due to emphysema, indicate ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis
B)   metabolic alkalosis
C)   respiratory acidosis
D)   respiratory alkalosis
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Edema can occur when there is

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in the amount of plasma proteins.
B)   a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins.
C)   a decrease in blood pressure.
D)   a blockage of the lymphatics.
E)   an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased rate of bone resorption.
B)   increased rate of vitamin D degradation.
C)   increased concentration of K+ in the urine.
D)   increased rate of Ca2+ excretion by the kidneys.
E)   decreased levels of blood Ca2+.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   excess excitability of kalems.
B)   reduction of plasma Ca2+ level.
C)   increase in plasma K+ level.
D)   increase in plasma Na+ level.
E)   decrease in plasma K+ level.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

As a result of hyperventilation,

Accepted Answer

A)   the body pH decreases.
B)   the plasma PCO2 level decreases.
C)   the kidney will increase the rate of H+ excretion.
D)   more bicarbonate ions are added to the plasma.
E)   the plasma PCO2 level increases.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their body weight as water?

Accepted Answer

A)   A 7-month-old female
B)   A lean 35-year-old male athlete
C)   A chunky 52-year-old male athlete
D)   A healthy 88-year-old male
E)   An adult female marathon runnerF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   thirst
B)   muscle weakness
C)   increased body temperature
D)   tremors, tetany, and convulsions
E)   paralysisF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   baroreceptors
B)   chemoreceptors
C)   osmoreceptors
D)   pressoreceptors
E)   proprioreceptorsF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Accepted Answer

A)   An increase in urine volume
B)   An increase in urine osmolality
C)   An increase in ADH production
D)   Increased aldosterone secretion
E)   A decrease in urine volumeF) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of CO2 due to emphysema, indicate ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are sources of water intake? (Check all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edema can occur when there is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ________ can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a result of hyperventilation,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When blood pH decreases, which of the following occurs to correct the imbalance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their body weight as water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of CO₂ due to emphysema, indicate ________.

Correct Answer
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The K⁺ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K⁺ levels will cause ________.

Correct Answer
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