Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases calcium production in the liver.
B)  It increases calcium absorption across the intestine.
C)  It increases reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidney.
D)  It stimulates osteoclasts to dissolve CaPO4 crystals in bone.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  release of hormones by the brain
B)  energy stores in bone allow for quick glucose release
C)  glucose usage by the brain is shut down when necessary
D)  the action of two antagonistic effectorsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following hormones has the fewest targets?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone
B)  melatonin
C)  oxytocin
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormoneE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocrine glands are the target of these molecules, not the source.
B)  It does not apply to this type of molecule in plants.
C)  The molecules do not serve a regulatory role.
D)  The definition is completely correct as stated.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D) B

Question 5

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine constitute the "alarm" response of the body to stress.What secretes these hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas
B)  thyroid gland
C)  adrenal medulla
D)  pineal glandE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas
B)  pineal gland
C)  pituitary gland
D)  parathyroid glandE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is not associated with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated levels of blood glucose
B)  lowered production of insulin by the pancreas
C)  reduced body cell sensitivity to insulin
D)  defects in pituitary gland functionE) None of the above
F) All of the above D

Question 8

Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids
B)  epinephrine
C)  insulin
D)  glucagonE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

What nonendocrine organ produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys
B)  skin
C)  heart
D)  pituitaryE) A) and D)
F) A) and C) A

Question 10

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paracrine regulatory molecules include cytokines and growth factors.
B)  Nitric oxide can function either as a neurotransmitter or a paracrine regulatory molecule.
C)  Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that control blood vessel constriction and dilation.
D)  Paracrine molecules are released into the circulatory system to affect distant tissues.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Accepted Answer

A)  the limbic system
B)  blood vessels
C)  axons
D)  the lymphatic systemE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids
B)  epinephrine
C)  insulin
D)  glucagonE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

What is a likely explanation for why nothing happened in your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yeast have a cell wall, so the molecule cannot pass through the cell membrane as it would in mice.
B)  Water-soluble hormones are lipids, not proteins.
C)  You need to apply the hormone in large amounts to see an effect.
D)  Yeast may lack the receptor required for the hormone to act.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Results from lab tests reveal abnormally high endogenous hormone levels, and you suspect a possible tumor.What regions will you ask the MRI technician to focus on?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex
B)  adrenal cortex only
C)  hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
D)  anterior and posterior pituitaryE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

You are an attending physician supervising a new resident.Together, you decide to treat a patient with a steroid drug.The resident administers the drug and watches the patient anxiously."It's not working," he mutters.How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You're right, it doesn't seem to be working.Let's increase the dose, since we need to achieve high steroid levels in the blood."
B)  "Why don't you go on your rounds and come back? Steroid hormones need several hours to work, since they regulate gene expression.Transcription and translation take time."
C)  "We forgot to administer the carrier protein to get the drug across the cell membrane.We can add that now."
D)  "Let's grab a cup of coffee and then check again.Activating the G-protein coupled receptor and its downstream kinase cascade can take several minutes."E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine and circulatory systems
B)  respiratory and circulatory systems
C)  nervous and circulatory systems
D)  nervous and endocrine systemsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested, and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin and growth hormone
B)  thyroid hormone and steroid hormones
C)  calcitonin and insulin
D)  insulin and steroid hormonesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone, and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene A -- a transcription factor.
B)  Gene B -- an enzyme that activates the hormone by cleaving its inactive precursor.
C)  Gene C -- the hormone itself.
D)  Gene D -- a kinase that acts downstream of the hormone.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal, which of the following hormones is produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon
B)  epinephrine
C)  insulin
D)  norepinephrineE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

What stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  GHRH
B)  CRH
C)  CIH
D)  ADHE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 45: The Endocrine System

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hormones has the fewest targets?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine constitute the "alarm" response of the body to stress.What secretes these hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following conditions is not associated with diabetes?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What nonendocrine organ produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a likely explanation for why nothing happened in your experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Results from lab tests reveal abnormally high endogenous hormone levels, and you suspect a possible tumor.What regions will you ask the MRI technician to focus on?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are an attending physician supervising a new resident.Together, you decide to treat a patient with a steroid drug.The resident administers the drug and watches the patient anxiously."It's not working," he mutters.How do you respond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested, and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone, and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal, which of the following hormones is produced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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