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________ may be defined as the relatively permanent, homogeneous divisions in a society into which people sharing similar values, interests, and behavior can be grouped.


A) Mobility
B) Stratification
C) Culture
D) Social class
E) Values

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements about African American buying patterns is most accurate?


A) There have been no observed differences in the consumption patterns of African Americans and Caucasians.
B) African American men spend more on health and beauty products than Caucasian men do.
C) The typical African American family is five years older than the typical Caucasian family.
D) African American purchase behavior is still affected by the historical deprivation in employment and educational opportunities in the United States.
E) African Americans are not price-conscious.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Rackspace U.S. Inc. is a web hosting company. If you want a website, you can buy Internet space as well as technical support and design services from the company. When current users are targeted with an ad explaining that its clients consider Rackspace "the risk-free host because it offers dedicated and helpful support any time day or night," Rackspace is most likely trying to


A) identify its core values.
B) reduce buyers' cognitive dissonance.
C) simplify new buyers' evaluative criteria.
D) produce a consideration set.
E) evoke problem recognition.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The personal, social, and economic significance of the purchase to the consumer, which is known as the level of ________, may cause him or her to skip or minimize one or more stages in the purchase decision process.


A) aspiration
B) cognitive dissonance
C) motivation
D) situational influences
E) involvement

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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An Asian American family whose relatives immigrated to the U.S. four generations ago has three children. The oldest son, George, is in medical school. Susan, at the age of 21, is a concert pianist. Brent is a second-year business student. This family is likely to exhibit which of the following Asian American buying patterns?


A) nonassimilated, yet celebrating their culture by purchasing authentic Asian goods
B) assimilated, exhibiting buying patterns very much like other typical American consumers
C) assimilated, yet celebrating their culture by seeking traditionally Asian occupations
D) nonassimilated, due to inherent differences in Asian subcultures that transcend generations
E) nonassimilated, exhibiting buying patterns very much like other typical American consumers

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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The VALS system seeks to explain why and how consumers make purchase decisions. Consumers motivated by ideals are guided by knowledge and principle. Explain the difference between Thinkers and Believers.

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Thinkers and Believers are the two group...

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VALS groups of consumers who are motivated by ________ are those who want to make an impact on their world.


A) ideals
B) rewards
C) achievement
D) self-expression
E) success

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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Lexi wants to find the perfect gift for her older sister's college graduation. She started looking for the gift last month and expects to spend another couple of weeks finding a gift her sister will use and like. Lexi is engaging in


A) routine problem solving.
B) limited problem solving.
C) extended problem solving.
D) problem recognition.
E) integrated problem solving.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Compliance and aggression are ________ that have implications for a consumer's purchasing behavior.


A) personality traits
B) personas
C) self-concepts
D) core values
E) needs

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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  Figure 5-5 -In Figure 5-5 above, B represents the ________ influences that can affect the consumer purchase decision process. A)  economic B)  situational C)  environmental D)  marketing mix E)  market-dominated Figure 5-5 -In Figure 5-5 above, B represents the ________ influences that can affect the consumer purchase decision process.


A) economic
B) situational
C) environmental
D) marketing mix
E) market-dominated

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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All of the following are examples of Coppertone's product innovations except which?


A) sunscreen for babies
B) water-resistant sunscreen lotion
C) all-organic sunscreen
D) MyUV Alert app to provide reapplication reminders
E) continuous spray sunscreen

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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The Martinez family is considering a vacation. Dad wants to stay home this year and use the money for home repairs. His mom who lives with them wants to visit relatives in New York. Dad asks his mother to determine the cost of a trip to New York and if they could stay with relatives while there. Mom and their daughter want to go to a beach. Which of the following sentences best describes the roles each family member played in making this decision?


A) There is no family member serving as an information gatherer.
B) The mother and the grandmother only played the role of influencer.
C) The females in the family only play two roles-users and influencers.
D) Since the father will make the final vacation decision, he has taken on all of the roles.
E) The grandmother plays the roles of user, influencer, and information gatherer.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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In the VALS framework, the segment with the most abundant resources, known as ________, are future oriented. They are confident enough to experiment-to try, fail, and try again.


A) Experiencers
B) Innovators
C) Makers
D) Achievers
E) Strivers

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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NetJets is a company that offers one-sixteenth or more ownership in a jet plane for a price beginning at $325,000. It gives purchasers privacy, convenience, and flexibility as well as saves them time since the plane is available within four hours unless it's booked by one of the other shareholders. This is most likely an example of


A) a medium-involvement purchase that involves limited problem solving.
B) a high-involvement purchase that involves routine problem solving.
C) a high-involvement purchase that involves extended problem solving.
D) a low-involvement purchase that involves limited problem solving.
E) a low-involvement purchase that involves extended problem solving.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In the VALS framework, consumers motivated by ideals are guided by knowledge and principles. One segment of the two Ideals-motivated groups, known as ________, have fewer resources and are not looking to change society. They believe in right/wrong for a good life and have a strong connection to church and family.


A) Experiencers
B) Believers
C) Makers
D) Achievers
E) Thinkers

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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All of the following are situational influences that can have an impact on a consumer's purchase decision process except which?


A) physical surroundings
B) purchase task
C) temporal effects
D) consumer involvement
E) antecedent states

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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College students who wear clothing displaying the Greek letters for fraternities or sororities to which they belong are demonstrating pride in ________ group.


A) a dissociative
B) an aspiration
C) an associative
D) an identification
E) a political

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Pepsi-Cola made "freshness" an important product attribute when it stamped freshness dates on its cans. Prior to doing so, few consumers considered freshness a relevant issue for soft drinks. Pepsi-Cola tried to change consumers' attitudes toward its soft drinks by


A) changing beliefs about the extent to which a brand has a specific attribute.
B) changing the perceived importance of a specific attribute.
C) adding a new attribute.
D) reducing perceived risk.
E) providing stimulus generalization.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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In marketing, advertisements or salespeople can activate a consumer's purchase decision process by


A) creating a sense of irony or amusement.
B) manipulating a customer's want into a need.
C) promising product attributes that exceed the actual product potential.
D) showing the shortcomings of competing (or currently owned) products.
E) shifting the consumer's focus from internal search to external search.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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The fifth stage in the consumer purchase decision process involves comparing the product or service purchased with one's expectations to determine the degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. What is this stage called?


A) postpurchase behavior
B) alternative evaluation
C) purchase decision
D) problem resolution
E) information search

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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