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Exam 7: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

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Question 71

Multiple Choice

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A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called _____.

A) separation anxiety
B) social referencing
C) stranger anxiety
D) uncertainty checking

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Question 72

Multiple Choice

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Adam is playful, but sometimes moody; fussy but generally tolerant; and sometimes quiet, and other times boisterous. His temperament would be categorized as _____.

A) easy
B) challenging
C) difficult
D) hard-to-classify

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 73

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Social interactions are the only foundations for emotional growth.

According to Freud, preventing sucking or weaning too early during infancy may have lasting effects on personality development later.

According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a _____.

Which is an essential characteristic of high-quality day care?

Children's realization that they are separate persons with minds, bodies, and behaviors separate from those around them is called _____.

Which of these emotions is the first to develop in an infant?

Sigmund Freud was a(n) _____.

In-home day care is always preferable to out-of-home day care.

Psychologists from the _____ school of thought believe that a child's personality is "created" or largely determined by his or her parents.

Baby Roland wants his bottle, but he can't reach it. He gets angry, his face turns red, and he yells loudly. His anger is a healthy response to his frustration.

In a cross-cultural study examining child-rearing practices, it was demonstrated that toddlers with _____ mothers were more obedient but less self-aware than toddlers with distal mothers.

How do people become "fixated" in a Freudian stage?

The biologically based core of individual differences in style of approach and response to the environment that remains stable across time and situations is what psychologists call _____.

A child who is fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who _____.

A lasting bond between an infant and a caregiver is called _____.

What are the four categories of temperament suggested by the New York Longitudinal Study?

The infant's smile that appears whenever mother peeks over the side of the crib and makes a funny face is called a(n) _____ smile.

One-year-old Jacob follows his mother when she moves about the house and tries to climb up her legs when she is sitting in a chair. He is exhibiting his attachment to her through _____-seeking behavior.