Question 1

Epidemiology is the study of

Accepted Answer

A)   the effectiveness of the correlational model in determining cause.
B)   research methods.
C)   various forms of therapy.
D)   incidence, distribution, and consequences of a problem in a population.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Experiments designed to test new clinical treatments are called clinical .

Accepted Answer

A)   trials
B)   exams
C)   functions
D)   expectationsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Monozygotic twins allow for unique genetic studies because they

Accepted Answer

A)   have identical genes.
B)   always share the same environment.
C)   share approximately 50% of the same genes.
D)   are usually raised in similar ways.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods. What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

Accepted Answer

In cross-sectional designs, researchers ...

Question 5

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Accepted Answer

A)   it enables a clinician to see predictable and orderly changes related to where and when treatment is used.
B)   it does not require withdrawal of treatment.
C)   it resembles the way treatment would naturally be implemented.
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked, the more likely they were to develop lung cancer, heart disease, and other dangerous illnesses. This data demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   that there is a positive correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer.
B)   that there is a negative correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer.
C)   that smoking causes lung cancer and other serious illnesses.
D)   there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer or other serious illnesses.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Of the following, researchers use to attempt to control for the phenomenon called the "allegiance effect," which occurs when experimenter bias influences research outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlation studies
B)   double-blind control
C)   epidemiological studies
D)   placebo pillsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker, the genes for both are probably

Accepted Answer

A)   on different chromosomes.
B)   on different ends of the same chromosome.
C)   identical.
D)   close together on the same chromosome.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cross-sectional study
B)   Longitudinal study
C)   Family study
D)   Twin studyE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

A study that uses the controlled conditions of the lab to replicate the phenomenon under study is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   analogue model.
B)   longitudinal study.
C)   cross-sectional study.
D)   retrospective study.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Examining the changes in serotonin levels from taking Prozac
B)   Determining whether the active ingredients in a medication actually have any impact on the function of the brain
C)   Exploring the parts of cognitive-behavioral therapy homework that are most difficult for patients to perform
D)   Examining the impact of Prozac on depressionE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design. This means that it cannot be determined if

Accepted Answer

A)   findings for cohort groups are due to their similar experiences or similar age.
B)   findings are due to the fact that age and life experience tend to be correlated.
C)   differences across groups are due to differences in assignment to the treatment conditions.
D)   differences across groups are due to age, experience, or the experimental manipulation.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

One of the major problems with the case study method is that it is too easy to make false conclusions based on

Accepted Answer

A)   statistical significance.
B)   unreliable measures.
C)   poorly defined dependent variables.
D)   coincidence.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _.

Accepted Answer

A)   random assignment
B)   external validity
C)   chance
D)   confoundsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

When conducting research with adults who suffer from schizophrenia,

Accepted Answer

A)   informed consent is not necessary.
B)   informed consent must be given by a mentally competent family member or guardian.
C)   it is difficult to meet the requirements of informed consent.
D)   it is necessary to have the research procedures approved by the American Psychological Association.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

A researcher studying the effect of a dietary supplement on sleep finds that research participants who take the supplement sleep an average of 7 hours and 25 minutes per night, while participants who were given a placebo pill with no active ingredients in it sleep for an average of 7 hours and 20 minutes. These findings are clearly

Accepted Answer

A)   statistically significant.
B)   not clinically significant.
C)   not valid.
D)   clinically significant.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing

Accepted Answer

A)   a complete listing of each human gene and its function.
B)   little if any success in mapping the structure and location of human genes.
C)   a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes.
D)   some success in mapping the structure of human genes, but little success in mapping gene locations.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Placebos are used in experiments to

Accepted Answer

A)   control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studies.
B)   control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
C)   help determine whether an independent variable actually causes a statistically significant change in a dependent variable.
D)   make certain that the treatment and control group are randomly selected.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

A phenotype is defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

A)   hidden characteristics.
B)   observable characteristics.
C)   genetic influences.
D)   unique genetic makeup.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

A researcher collects data comparing people with and without a particular disorder. The researcher is particularly interested in inherited tendencies that are not part of the disorder but that occur with much greater frequency in afflicted people. The researcher is conducting a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic linkage analysis.
B)   association study.
C)   family study.
D)   DNA analysis.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 4: Research Methods

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _.

Correct Answer
verified

One of the major problems with the case study method is that it is too easy to make false conclusions based on

Correct Answer
verified

A phenotype is defined as an individual's

Correct Answer
verified

Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Correct Answer
verified

Placebos are used in experiments to

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods. What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

Correct Answer
verified
In cross-sectional designs, researchers ...
View Answer

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker, the genes for both are probably

Correct Answer
verified

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing

Correct Answer
verified

Monozygotic twins allow for unique genetic studies because they

Correct Answer
verified

Of the following, researchers use to attempt to control for the phenomenon called the "allegiance effect," which occurs when experimenter bias influences research outcomes.

Correct Answer
verified

Experiments designed to test new clinical treatments are called clinical .

Correct Answer
verified

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Correct Answer
verified

When conducting research with adults who suffer from schizophrenia,

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A study that uses the controlled conditions of the lab to replicate the phenomenon under study is called a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher collects data comparing people with and without a particular disorder. The researcher is particularly interested in inherited tendencies that are not part of the disorder but that occur with much greater frequency in afflicted people. The researcher is conducting a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked, the more likely they were to develop lung cancer, heart disease, and other dangerous illnesses. This data demonstrates

Correct Answer
verified

Epidemiology is the study of

Correct Answer
verified

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design. This means that it cannot be determined if

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the major problems with the case study method is that it is too easy to make false conclusions based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A phenotype is defined as an individual's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Placebos are used in experiments to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods. What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn cross-sectional designs, researchers ...View AnswerShow Answer

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker, the genes for both are probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monozygotic twins allow for unique genetic studies because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following, researchers use to attempt to control for the phenomenon called the "allegiance effect," which occurs when experimenter bias influences research outcomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experiments designed to test new clinical treatments are called clinical .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When conducting research with adults who suffer from schizophrenia,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of treatment outcome research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study that uses the controlled conditions of the lab to replicate the phenomenon under study is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher collects data comparing people with and without a particular disorder. The researcher is particularly interested in inherited tendencies that are not part of the disorder but that occur with much greater frequency in afflicted people. The researcher is conducting a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked, the more likely they were to develop lung cancer, heart disease, and other dangerous illnesses. This data demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Epidemiology is the study of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design. This means that it cannot be determined if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In cross-sectional designs, researchers ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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