Question 1

Randomization is used to assign research participants to groups in order to

Accepted Answer

A)   prevent assembling groups that differ in a way that may influence the research outcome.
B)   make sure that all participants in the study are the same with respect to the dependent variable when the study is concluded.
C)   make sure that all participants are the same with respect to the independent variable before the study begins.
D)   prevent any differences in the way the independent variable is manipulated for all research subjects.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

In an experimental study,

Accepted Answer

A)   the independent variable is manipulated.
B)   the dependent variable is manipulated.
C)   both the independent variable and the dependent variable are manipulated.
D)   the environment is manipulated.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

In well-designed research studies, medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help patients recover from episodes of depression. Given the realities of the patient uniformity myth, it would be a mistake to conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)   most depressed patients will be helped substantially by these medications.
B)   all depressed patients will be helped by these medications.
C)   research can help us determine which treatments should be used for specific disorders.
D)   medication can be an appropriate treatment for a psychological disorder.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Dr. Smith uses a sample of participants in his memory study. Any conclusions that can be drawn from the results may be applied to the general population if there is a high degree of

Accepted Answer

A)   internal reliability.
B)   external reliability.
C)   internal validity.
D)   external validity.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

A researcher separates participants into two groups. Group A receives an active medication, and Group B receives an empty capsule that looks and feels like the real medication. Group B is the group.

Accepted Answer

A)   treatment
B)   analog
C)   control
D)   experimentalE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 6

One of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology is that

Accepted Answer

A)   we can gain a better appreciation for the virtues of various cultures by examining how psychopathology is viewed by different cultures.
B)   the stigma of psychopathology can be removed by understanding that psychopathology exists in all cultures.
C)   genetic influences of disorders can be best determined through careful comparison of the different environmental stressors found in various cultures.
D)   we can understand more about psychopathology by understanding how culture impacts the experience of various disorders.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

The reason that researchers cannot allow participants to decide whether to be in the control or treatment group is that this procedure may result in differences between the treatment and control group participants that

Accepted Answer

A)   have nothing to do with the independent variable.
B)   are a direct result of the independent variable.
C)   have nothing to do with the dependent variable.
D)   are a direct result of the dependent variable.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Studies that have significant confounds are said to be low in .

Accepted Answer

A)   external validity
B)   internal validity
C)   fidelity
D)   empirical validityE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

A)   unique genetic makeup.
B)   recessive genes.
C)   hidden characteristics.
D)   observable features and behavior.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

In a study to investigate the effects of alcohol on reflexes, some students were given three bottles of beer and some were given three bottles of nonalcoholic beer, and reaction time was measured. The group that received the nonalcoholic beer is the .

Accepted Answer

A)   treatment group
B)   dependent variable
C)   control group
D)   confoundE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

One of the major problems of using family studies to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders is that family members may have similar disorders due to

Accepted Answer

A)   shared genes.
B)   common diet factors.
C)   physical similarities.
D)   the fact that they live together.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Mary looks nothing like her mother, but Mary's daughter grows up to look exactly like Mary's mother. In other words, grandmother and granddaughter look alike. The fact that Mary's daughter looks like her (Mary's)  mother but she herself doesn't is a good example of the

Accepted Answer

A)   difference between genotype and phenotype.
B)   influence of environment on genes.
C)   fact that we really have no idea of how genes work.
D)   diathesis-stress model.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

As a child's age increases, so does her height. This is an example of a(n)  correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative
B)   zero
C)   causal
D)   positiveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Epidemological researchers such as DeLisi and colleagues (2003) , who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, generally use the research method called the .

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational model
B)   case study
C)   experiment
D)   longitudinal studyE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance refers to the s...

Question 16

Independent evaluators are people who assess patients in a study

Accepted Answer

A)   but are not involved with the initial diagnosis and treatment process.
B)   and are part of the treatment process.
C)   and conducted the diagnoses on their own.
D)   and recruit people to experiment.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

The type of study that generally does not follow the scientific method and typically contains many confounds is the

Accepted Answer

A)   case study.
B)   correlation model.
C)   true experiment.
D)   longitudinal study.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

The more time one spends exercising, the less one generally weighs. The correlation between time on a treadmill each month and overall body weight would represent a(n)  correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   zero
C)   negative
D)   causalE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

External validity refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   degree that the dependent variable was changed in the study.
B)   power of the independent variable to cause a change in the dependent variable.
C)   extent to which findings apply to individuals or situations other than those studied.
D)   overall quality of the study.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n)  .

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variable
B)   confound
C)   dependent variable
D)   confluenceE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Research Methods

The reason that researchers cannot allow participants to decide whether to be in the control or treatment group is that this procedure may result in differences between the treatment and control group participants that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Independent evaluators are people who assess patients in a study

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The more time one spends exercising, the less one generally weighs. The correlation between time on a treadmill each month and overall body weight would represent a(n) correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Correct AnswerverifiedStatistical significance refers to the s...View AnswerShow Answer

Randomization is used to assign research participants to groups in order to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In well-designed research studies, medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help patients recover from episodes of depression. Given the realities of the patient uniformity myth, it would be a mistake to conclude that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Smith uses a sample of participants in his memory study. Any conclusions that can be drawn from the results may be applied to the general population if there is a high degree of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

External validity refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher separates participants into two groups. Group A receives an active medication, and Group B receives an empty capsule that looks and feels like the real medication. Group B is the group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experimental study,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of study that generally does not follow the scientific method and typically contains many confounds is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary looks nothing like her mother, but Mary's daughter grows up to look exactly like Mary's mother. In other words, grandmother and granddaughter look alike. The fact that Mary's daughter looks like her (Mary's) mother but she herself doesn't is a good example of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies that have significant confounds are said to be low in .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Epidemological researchers such as DeLisi and colleagues (2003) , who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, generally use the research method called the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a child's age increases, so does her height. This is an example of a(n) correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the major problems of using family studies to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders is that family members may have similar disorders due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study to investigate the effects of alcohol on reflexes, some students were given three bottles of beer and some were given three bottles of nonalcoholic beer, and reaction time was measured. The group that received the nonalcoholic beer is the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Statistical significance refers to the s...
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