Question 1

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Accepted Answer

A)   is expected to be changed or influenced in the study.
B)   is expected to influence or change the dependent variable.
C)   is the empirical result of the study.
D)   forms the most important component of the hypothesis.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

A researcher studying a family with a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)  records data for each person in the family with OCD and for those who have been diagnosed with OCD in the past. The researcher is particularly interested in determining if family members who now have OCD or who were previously diagnosed share any other inherited characteristics. The researcher is conducting a(n)  .

Accepted Answer

A)   association study
B)   chromosome analysis
C)   genetic linkage analysis
D)   family DNA analysisE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Accepted Answer

A)   manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effects on a dependent variable.
B)   in-depth examination of many variables associated with a small number of individuals.
C)   statistical examination of the relationships between variables.
D)   statistical examination of the cause of changes in a dependent variable.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together, you may be confusing

Accepted Answer

A)   correlation with causation.
B)   confounds with correlations.
C)   independent variable with dependent variable.
D)   statistical and clinical effects.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

As Van Gogh slowly began developing schizophrenia, he painted a series of self-portraits that depicted the progression of the disorder over time. This is a good example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   negative development strategy.
B)   anecdotal study.
C)   prospective study
D)   retrospective study.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70 years old. The research design being used is called .

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional
B)   longitudinal
C)   experimental
D)   case-studyE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Institutional review boards are typically made up of

Accepted Answer

A)   animal rights group members and lawyers.
B)   research participants and their families.
C)   faculty and community members.
D)   administrators and students.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Joe is suffering from a severe anxiety disorder. His psychiatrist prescribes a medication that has been found in many research studies to help reduce anxiety. Joe takes the medication, but his anxiety level does not improve at all. Since the anxiety medication did not work, Joe concludes that his psychiatrist must be wrong and he must be suffering from some other disorder. The problem with Joe's conclusion is that he is failing to consider the

Accepted Answer

A)   patient uniformity myth.
B)   internal validity of the research studies.
C)   lack of clinical significance of many research findings.
D)   external validity of the prior research.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Analog research models

Accepted Answer

A)   are conducted outside of the laboratory.
B)   generally utilize case studies to maximize similarity to the phenomenon under study.
C)   are correlational.
D)   create laboratory conditions that are comparable to the phenomenon under study.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

It has been demonstrated the amount of time watching violent shows on TV is correlated with aggressiveness in children. However, we cannot say that watching violence on TV causes children to be aggressive because

Accepted Answer

A)   we do not know if children watch violent TV shows because they are aggressive.
B)   we do not know if violent TV shows causes children to act violent.
C)   both variables may be related to another factor such as violent parents.
D)   all of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The genetic mechanism that ultimately contributes to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders is called .

Accepted Answer

A)   genotypes
B)   phenotypes
C)   endophenotypes
D)   causal typesE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

The basis of an experiment is

Accepted Answer

A)   manipulation of a dependent variable.
B)   examining the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable.
C)   manipulation of an independent variable.
D)   in-depth fact gathering regarding many variables.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Accepted Answer

A)   the human genome is not well mapped.
B)   researchers need to be more careful with their methods.
C)   the environment is a more powerful influence on most forms of complex psychopathology than genetics.
D)   it is doubtful that there are single gene causes for complex disorders.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Longitudinal and/or cross-sectional research is often necessary to determine

Accepted Answer

A)   how disorders change and progress over a typical patient's lifetime.
B)   the genetic causes of a particular disorder.
C)   the environmental causes of a particular disorder.
D)   if a particular treatment is appropriate for patients suffering from a specific disorder.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Single-case experimental designs are sometimes criticized because they tend to

Accepted Answer

A)   always involve a single case.
B)   decrease internal validity.
C)   have lower external validity.
D)   have very poor reliability estimates.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology. The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Accepted Answer

A)   impossible to understand until the entire human genome is sequenced.
B)   difficult to understand with the limited statistical models available.
C)   based on more than single gene defects.
D)   insignificant in comparison to the power of the environment.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Provide definitions for the terms hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, and confound. Discuss how you could use a control group and randomization to ensure that the results of an experiment are accurate.

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis-a statement summarizing your ...

Question 18

In a typical drug study, some research participants are given an active medication and others are given a sugar pill. The subjects given the sugar pill are in the group.

Accepted Answer

A)   placebo control
B)   treatment
C)   independent variable
D)   dependent variableE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

The purpose of randomization is to make sure that

Accepted Answer

A)   each research participant spends an equal amount of time in the treatment and control groups.
B)   each research participant has an equal chance of being in the treatment or control group.
C)   everyone in each group is exactly the same on the independent variable.
D)   everyone in each group is exactly the same on the dependent variable.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 20

An important advantage of the multiple baseline design over the withdrawal design for evaluating treatments is that multiple baseline

Accepted Answer

A)   has greater internal validity.
B)   has greater external validity.
C)   does not require the removal of a potentially helpful treatment.
D)   does not require the artificial intervention of the researcher.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 4: Research Methods

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Correct Answer
verified

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together, you may be confusing

Correct Answer
verified

Single-case experimental designs are sometimes criticized because they tend to

Correct Answer
verified

Analog research models

Correct Answer
verified

The basis of an experiment is

Correct Answer
verified

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct Answer
verified

Longitudinal and/or cross-sectional research is often necessary to determine

Correct Answer
verified

As Van Gogh slowly began developing schizophrenia, he painted a series of self-portraits that depicted the progression of the disorder over time. This is a good example of a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Institutional review boards are typically made up of

Correct Answer
verified

The purpose of randomization is to make sure that

Correct Answer
verified

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology. The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Provide definitions for the terms hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, and confound. Discuss how you could use a control group and randomization to ensure that the results of an experiment are accurate.

Correct Answer
verified
Hypothesis-a statement summarizing your ...
View Answer

In a typical drug study, some research participants are given an active medication and others are given a sugar pill. The subjects given the sugar pill are in the group.

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70 years old. The research design being used is called .

Correct Answer
verified

It has been demonstrated the amount of time watching violent shows on TV is correlated with aggressiveness in children. However, we cannot say that watching violence on TV causes children to be aggressive because

Correct Answer
verified

The genetic mechanism that ultimately contributes to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders is called .

Correct Answer
verified

An important advantage of the multiple baseline design over the withdrawal design for evaluating treatments is that multiple baseline

Correct Answer
verified

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together, you may be confusing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single-case experimental designs are sometimes criticized because they tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Analog research models

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basis of an experiment is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Longitudinal and/or cross-sectional research is often necessary to determine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As Van Gogh slowly began developing schizophrenia, he painted a series of self-portraits that depicted the progression of the disorder over time. This is a good example of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Institutional review boards are typically made up of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The purpose of randomization is to make sure that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology. The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide definitions for the terms hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, and confound. Discuss how you could use a control group and randomization to ensure that the results of an experiment are accurate.

Correct AnswerverifiedHypothesis-a statement summarizing your ...View AnswerShow Answer

In a typical drug study, some research participants are given an active medication and others are given a sugar pill. The subjects given the sugar pill are in the group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70 years old. The research design being used is called .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been demonstrated the amount of time watching violent shows on TV is correlated with aggressiveness in children. However, we cannot say that watching violence on TV causes children to be aggressive because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The genetic mechanism that ultimately contributes to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders is called .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An important advantage of the multiple baseline design over the withdrawal design for evaluating treatments is that multiple baseline

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Hypothesis-a statement summarizing your ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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