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Competence means that a plant is ________,while determination means that a plant tissue ________.The acquisition of flowering competence is an example of a ________.


A) capable of responding to signals that trigger a fate change; remains capable of adopting more than one possible developmental fate; phaseolus
B) unresponsive to signals that trigger a fate change; is committed to a specific developmental fate; fate change
C) in the process of responding to signals that trigger a fate change; was driven to adopt an abnormal developmental fate by transgene expression; flowerization
D) capable of responding to signals that trigger a fate change; is committed to a specific developmental fate; phase change

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements about flowering plants is TRUE?


A) A short-day plant requires nights longer than a certain critical period to trigger flowering.
B) A long-day plant requires nights shorter than a certain critical period to inhibit flowering.
C) A short-day plant requires daylight of short wavelengths.
D) A long-day plant requires long wavelengths during the night.
E) A long-day plant requires long days alternating with short days.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Why do oils form a significant part of the nutritional reserves in many seeds?


A) Oils help keep the embryo hydrated,allowing the seed to survive in dry habitats.
B) The oils reduce the density of the seed and allow for water dispersal.
C) Oils contain more mineral nutrients than carbohydrates.
D) Oils store twice as much energy as an equivalent mass of starch.
E) Hormones diffuse more quickly through oils.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Pollination begins when pollen is transferred from the ________ to the ________ of a flower.


A) anther; ovary
B) anther; receptacle
C) anther; stigma
D) stigma; embryo sac
E) synergid; egg

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Your friend has never gardened before.When none of the seeds he planted germinate,he asks you to suggest why.Which is the best explanation of what occurred?


A) The monocot seeds he used were only able to produce a single cotyledon each.
B) The seeds were planted too deeply and used up their reserves before reaching the surface and sunlight.
C) The suspensor failed to develop into an embryo within each seed.
D) All seeds require fire in order to germinate.
E) Seeds take more than one season to germinate.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Many plants devote significant resources to growing colorful,fragrant flowers filled with nectar.What does this illustrate the importance of?


A) nutrient storage in seeds
B) long-term nutrient storage in perennial plants
C) outcrossing
D) chemical signaling among plants

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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