Question 1

Research suggests that a person's future academic success can be better predicted with

Accepted Answer

A)   statistics.
B)   intuitions.
C)   self reports.
D)   peer reviews.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Snyder and Swann (1984)  gave students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often tested for a trait by

Accepted Answer

A)   asking questions related to childhood experiences.
B)   looking for information that would contradict it.
C)   looking for information that would confirm it.
D)   asking very specific questions to disprove it.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)   It provides unlimited sex to both partners.
B)   It constantly provides financial security to the female partner.
C)   It provides additional sources of self-esteem.
D)   It guarantees people long-lasting relationship and good health.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Women who had been sexually abused reported more health problems, especially if they had

Accepted Answer

A)   not seen a therapist.
B)   kept their abuse secret.
C)   not confronted their abuser
D)   confronted their abuser.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Maxwell, a college junior, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Accepted Answer

A)   "The test was not a fair assessment of what I actually know."
B)   "My chemistry professor does not grade his tests fairly."
C)   "I'm incompetent and probably always will be."
D)   "I am sure most people did poorly on the test."E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

In the context of comparison drawn between clinical and statistical prediction, efforts to predict new business risks, credit risks, and career satisfaction specifically relate to _____ outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)   medical
B)   miscellaneous
C)   economic
D)   government agencyE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

Accepted Answer

A)   more resistant to low-level illnesses like colds and flu.
B)   more vulnerable to disease.
C)   less self-disclosing and more socially isolated.
D)   stronger and more socially skilled than less stressed people.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

For most people, the tendency to be cautious and self-protective in some social situations can result in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   talking less.
B)   being agreeable and smiling.
C)   being guarded about ourselves.
D)   being assertive.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Clinical judgments are vulnerable to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory correlations.
B)   the hindsight bias.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   illusions of control.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Accepted Answer

A)   if students or clinicians expected a particular association, they generally perceived it.
B)   students and clinicians only saw relationships that were supported by the data.
C)   professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships.
D)   students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than 0.75.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Discuss depressive realism and negative explanatory style.

Accepted Answer

Depressive realism is a theory that sugg...

Question 12

Studies show that college students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Accepted Answer

A)   somewhat depressed themselves.
B)   more accepting of people suffering from psychological disorders.
C)   more optimistic about their own lives.
D)   more studious and committed to achieving academic success.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

In the context of implications for better clinical practice, one important effect of hindsight is that it can

Accepted Answer

A)   eliminate the tendency to see relationships that you expect to see.
B)   lead to increased cautiousness and decreased confidence.
C)   lead to both overconfidence and the tendency to judge yourself too harshly.
D)   be very helpful in developing hypotheses about personality traits.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The Type A behavior pattern is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   success in coping with stress.
B)   individuals with lower levels of stress.
C)   an increased risk of heart disease.
D)   overall life satisfaction and coping.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Psychology's contribution to the interdisciplinary field of behavioral medicine is

Accepted Answer

A)   parapsychology.
B)   psychiatry.
C)   behavioral analysis.
D)   health psychology.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

When faced with a difficult situation, short-term depression protects us by

Accepted Answer

A)   slowing us down.
B)   redirecting our energy.
C)   reassessing the situation.
D)   all of the above.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Mendonca and Brehm (1983)  found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the 8-week program and 3 months later if they

Accepted Answer

A)   felt responsible for choosing their weight-loss program.
B)   were regularly monitored and penalized for breaking rules.
C)   were praised and rewarded for even minor weight loss.
D)   had been assigned to their "least preferred" treatment program.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

The vicious circle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Accepted Answer

A)   self-focused rumination and self-blame.
B)   depressed moods.
C)   further negative experiences.
D)   blaming others for the negative experiences.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

In the industrialized world, at least _____ of all deaths are linked with behaviors that people choose to do, like smoking, drinking, and not exercising.

Accepted Answer

A)   5 percent
B)   25 percent
C)   50 percent
D)   75 percentE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Compared to depressed people, nondepressed people

Accepted Answer

A)   exaggerate their control of events around them.
B)   have realistic perceptions of the good and bad things that the future holds.
C)   readily accept responsibility for both successes and failures.
D)   make more accurate judgements.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Exam 14: Personality

Compared to depressed people, nondepressed people

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clinical judgments are vulnerable to all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychology's contribution to the interdisciplinary field of behavioral medicine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the industrialized world, at least _____ of all deaths are linked with behaviors that people choose to do, like smoking, drinking, and not exercising.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the 8-week program and 3 months later if they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that a person's future academic success can be better predicted with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies show that college students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For most people, the tendency to be cautious and self-protective in some social situations can result in all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Type A behavior pattern is associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maxwell, a college junior, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of implications for better clinical practice, one important effect of hindsight is that it can

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vicious circle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of comparison drawn between clinical and statistical prediction, efforts to predict new business risks, credit risks, and career satisfaction specifically relate to _____ outcomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Snyder and Swann (1984) gave students some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often tested for a trait by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss depressive realism and negative explanatory style.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIDepressive realism is a theory that sugg...View AnswerShow Answer

When faced with a difficult situation, short-term depression protects us by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women who had been sexually abused reported more health problems, especially if they had

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Depressive realism is a theory that sugg...
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