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Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

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Question 21

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Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that:

A) offer direct support to the poor.
B) are unsympathetic to the poor.
C) tend to blame the environment for their problems.
D) are more neutral regarding poverty and unemployment.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 22

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Sometimes the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as:

A) rationalization.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) attitude consistency.
D) belief perseverance.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

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Ella participates in a beauty pageant and is the first runner-up.She thinks that she would have won the pageant if only she had performed better in the talent round.In the context of social thinking,which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

Unlike her friends,Olivia,a 25-year-old,refrains from spending lavishly on clothes and luxury items.Her friends label her a miser for being thrifty.In reality,she is saving money to buy her own car.In this scenario,Juan's friends are most likely _____.

The tendency to presume,sometimes despite contrary odds,that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling a typical member is referred to as the _____ heuristic.

When our expectations lead us to act in ways that induce others to confirm their expectations,_____ is at work.

Provide an example of the fundamental attribution error.Explain why the error is considered "fundamental."

Antonia Abbey and colleagues (1987,1991,2011) found that _____ are highly likely to attribute a _____ friendliness to sexual interest.

Zachary watches a horror movie alone.Later that night,he wakes up hearing a strange noise and notices an ominous shadow moving outside his window.Fearing that someone is trying to break into his house,he turns on the light.When he looks out through the window,he finds leaves rustling and the shadow of a plant.Which of the following best explains the initial reaction of Zachary?

Both you and your friend are late for a meeting.How would the attribution theory predict your behavior and your friend's?

Describe an example of how the actor-observer difference could play a role in racist beliefs.

Your boss is always cranky.You assume this is because she is an unhappy person.What type of attribution are you making to explain her behavior?

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often:

Brian does not prepare well for an upcoming psychology exam.He is religious and prays regularly before the exam to score well.When he scores more than he expected,he assumes that he did well because he prayed.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates the:

In an experiment,Lee Ross set up a simulated quiz game.He randomly assigned some Stanford University students to play the role of questioner,some to play the role of contestant,and others to observe.Results indicated that:

Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman notes that human beings have two brain systems.In this context,identify a characteristic of System 1.

Filip is overweight and is often made fun of by people at work.They assume that he is obese because he is lazy and a binge eater and avoids exercising.They are unaware of the fact that Filip suffers from a medical condition that has slowed down his metabolism and exhausts him easily.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates:

Explicit thinking that is deliberate,reflective,and conscious is called:

Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

On the first day of class,we see a middle-aged man in the front of the room talking to a younger man.If we assume the older man is a professor and the younger man is a student,we are relying on _____.