Question 1

People are most at risk for having highly confident,yet ultimately incorrect,recollections when recalling:

Accepted Answer

A)  faces of another race.
B)  faces of another gender.
C)  faces from the same race.
D)  faces from the same gender.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about eyewitness testimony?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jurors find confident eyewitnesses the least believable though they are often correct.
B)  Eyewitnesses who remember trivial details are more accurate than those who do not.
C)  The testimony of eyewitnesses is the most accurate form of evidence and prevails over other evidence.
D)  The majority of convicted individuals later exonerated by DNA evidence were victims of mistaken eyewitnesses.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Research on minority influence suggests that jurors in the minority will be most persuasive when they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are inclined toward changing their position.
B)  begin to trigger some defections from the majority.
C)  tend to be aggressive in their attitudes.
D)  are favorable to the opinions and decision of the majority.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Most police agencies in North America and Britain have adopted the ________ procedure,which shows promise for enhancing information gathered in oral histories and medical surveys.

Accepted Answer

A)  panel interview
B)  cognitive interview
C)  behavioral therapy
D)  verbal overshadowingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following factors has been shown to influence either the likelihood of conviction or the severity of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  status
B)  attractiveness
C)  similarity to the jurors
D)  All of the answers are correct.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Bill is a trained police interviewer.He has been asked to question Miss Muffled about an automobile accident she has just witnessed.Which of the following questions is Bill unlikely to ask Miss Muffled?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Can you tell me what you remember?"
B)  "Was there anything unusual about the car?"
C)  "Did the red Mustang stop at the traffic light?"
D)  "What did the driver look like?"E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Why is it important that interrogators be blind to which person in a lineup is the actual suspect of the crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  to avoid problems with change blindness
B)  to avoid the post-identification feedback effect
C)  to reduce group polarization
D)  to avoid imagination inflationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of eyewitness testimony?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eyewitnesses are often more correct than confident.
B)  Confident eyewitnesses are less accurate when making identifications soon after the event.
C)  Confident witnesses are not necessarily accurate witnesses.
D)  Eyewitnesses who pay attention to details are most likely to remember the culprit's face.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Research suggests that jury deliberations can be influenced by all of the following processes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization.
B)  minority influence.
C)  deindividuation.
D)  informational influence.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Hastie et al.(1983) showed participants reenactments of an actual murder case and asked them to deliberate until they agreed on a verdict.After deliberation,their initial leanings:

Accepted Answer

A)  had weakened.
B)  had grown stronger.
C)  were inconsequential.
D)  did not change.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Wells and his colleagues (2006) reported that it is the ________ witnesses whom jurors find to be more credible than the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  middle-aged
B)  teenage
C)  confident
D)  emotionalE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The majority of judges express ________ in the ability of mock jury studies to predict the actual behavior of jurors.

Accepted Answer

A)  extreme confidence
B)  moderate confidence
C)  serious doubtD) A) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 13

To minimize the effects of inadmissible testimony,judges are best advised to:

Accepted Answer

A)  wait until jurors have heard the testimony before ruling it inadmissible,so jurors specifically know what they are to disregard.
B)  videotape the testimony and cut out the inadmissible parts.
C)  meet with jurors during their deliberations after the trial to ensure that inadmissible testimony is not influencing their judgments.
D)  immediately follow a trial by seeking a verbal pledge from each juror to ignore inadmissible evidence.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following strategies can be used for reducing misidentifications in police lineups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Give eyewitnesses a "blank" lineup that contains no suspects and screen out those who make false identifications.
B)  Minimize false identifications with instructions that acknowledge that the offender may not be in the lineup.
C)  Use a sequential lineup where eyewitnesses can compare each person with their memory of the culprit and make an absolute decision.
D)  All of the answers are correct.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an internalized confession?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person confesses to committing a crime after being deprived of food and sleep for four days.
B)  A person confesses to committing a crime during a lie-detector test.
C)  A person confesses to committing a crime to a close family member.
D)  A person confesses to committing a crime after receiving a false news that his partners have also confessed.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following is true of simulated juries?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can help us formulate theories that we can then use to interpret the more complex world.
B)  They are virtually identical to real juries.
C)  They have been viewed by the majority of Supreme Court judges as valuable in predicting the behavior of actual juries.
D)  They are impractical and expensive.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

An attorney will be defending James,who is accused of raping a 22-year-old woman.Who among the following jurors is likely to be least sympathetic to his client's case?

Accepted Answer

A)  John,a 40-year-old plumber who once served a sentence for burglary
B)  Todd,a 22-year-old college student who is a political liberal
C)  Wilma,a 42-year-old mother of two who tends to be authoritarian
D)  Rita,a 32-year-old television executive who opposes the death penaltyE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Which is NOT one of the confidence boosters for eyewitnesses found by Wells and Bradfield (1998,1999) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning that another witness has identified the same person
B)  being asked the same question repeatedly
C)  preparing for cross-examination
D)  not getting feedback confirmation after identification of a suspectE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury.The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction,but the eyewitness might be discredited by the defense attorney.What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Put the eyewitness on the stand,since even a discredited eyewitness is more convincing than no eyewitness at all.
B)  Do not put the eyewitness on the stand,since a discredited eyewitness is worse than no eyewitness at all.
C)  Put the eyewitness on the stand but admit your reservations about the credibility of the eyewitness before the defense attorney raises the issue.
D)  Put the eyewitness on the stand only if he or she is attractive and similar to the jurors.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Michael Saks and Reid Hastie (1978) in their research on jury selection have found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes and personal characteristics are strong verdict predictors.
B)  most jurors directly acknowledge their preconceptions during jury selection.
C)  evidence is a more potent determinant of juror's verdicts than individual characteristics of jurors.
D)  male jurors are less biased than female jurors.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

Most police agencies in North America and Britain have adopted the ________ procedure,which shows promise for enhancing information gathered in oral histories and medical surveys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To minimize the effects of inadmissible testimony,judges are best advised to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An attorney will be defending James,who is accused of raping a 22-year-old woman.Who among the following jurors is likely to be least sympathetic to his client's case?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hastie et al.(1983) showed participants reenactments of an actual murder case and asked them to deliberate until they agreed on a verdict.After deliberation,their initial leanings:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of simulated juries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is it important that interrogators be blind to which person in a lineup is the actual suspect of the crime?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about eyewitness testimony?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are most at risk for having highly confident,yet ultimately incorrect,recollections when recalling:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that jury deliberations can be influenced by all of the following processes EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Michael Saks and Reid Hastie (1978) in their research on jury selection have found that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT one of the confidence boosters for eyewitnesses found by Wells and Bradfield (1998,1999) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wells and his colleagues (2006) reported that it is the ________ witnesses whom jurors find to be more credible than the others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on minority influence suggests that jurors in the minority will be most persuasive when they:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following factors has been shown to influence either the likelihood of conviction or the severity of punishment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The majority of judges express ________ in the ability of mock jury studies to predict the actual behavior of jurors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of an internalized confession?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following strategies can be used for reducing misidentifications in police lineups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of eyewitness testimony?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury.The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction,but the eyewitness might be discredited by the defense attorney.What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bill is a trained police interviewer.He has been asked to question Miss Muffled about an automobile accident she has just witnessed.Which of the following questions is Bill unlikely to ask Miss Muffled?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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